Glucosylceramide synthase regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cells in vitro by Bcl‑2/Bax pathway.

Our previous study found that glucosylceramide, a type of sphingolipids, was associated with liver inflammation and fibrosis. Glucosylceramide is generated by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), which is encoded by the UDP‑glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) gene. GCS is a key enzyme to regulate the physiological activity of cells. However, the role of GCS in hepatic cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of GCS in the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cells. Following the interference of expression of GCS in vitro by UGCG small interfering (si)RNA, the MTT method was performed to detect the proliferation of HL‑7702 hepatocytes, and ELISA was used to determine the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and cytochrome c in the supernatant of culture system. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the apoptosis of liver cells stained by Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the gene expression apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2 (Bcl‑2), apoptosis regulator Bax (Bax) and caspase-3. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of caspase-3 protein in the liver cells. Following treatment with UGCG siRNA for 24 h, the proliferation of HL‑7702 hepatocytes was significantly inhibited when compared with the transfection reagent group. Furthermore, the early and advanced apoptosis of liver cells showed an increasing trend. Additionally, concentrations of TNF α and cytochrome c showed no significant difference between the UGCG siRNA and transfection reagent groups. Compared with the transfection reagent group, Bcl‑2 mRNA expression decreased, and Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expression increased in the UGCG siRNA transfection group. The protein expression level of caspase-3 showed increased in hepatocytes following the treatment with UGCG siRNA. In conclusion, the metabolic changes of sphingolipids caused by the lack of GCS may be involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cells through the Bcl‑2/Bax signaling pathway.