Hochman Eldad Yitzhak, Milman Valery, Tal Liron
Department of Psychology and Education, The Open University of Israel, Derekh ha-Universita 1, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel.
Department of Psychology and Education, The Open University of Israel, Derekh ha-Universita 1, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2017 Oct;180:147-154. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Recent model suggests that error detection gives rise to defensive motivation prompting protective behavior. Models of active avoidance behavior predict it should grow larger with threat imminence and avoidance. We hypothesized that in a task requiring left or right key strikes, error detection would drive an avoidance reflex manifested by rapid withdrawal of an erring finger growing larger with threat imminence and avoidance. In experiment 1, three groups differing by error-related threat imminence and avoidance performed a flanker task requiring left or right force sensitive-key strikes. As predicted, errors were followed by rapid force release growing faster with threat imminence and opportunity to evade threat. In experiment 2, we established a link between error key release time (KRT) and the subjective sense of inner-threat. In a simultaneous, multiple regression analysis of three error-related compensatory mechanisms (error KRT, flanker effect, error correction RT), only error KRT was significantly associated with increased compulsive checking tendencies. We propose that error response withdrawal reflects an error-withdrawal reflex.
近期模型表明，错误检测会引发防御动机，从而促使保护行为的产生。主动回避行为模型预测，随着威胁迫近和回避行为的出现，这种行为应该会增强。我们假设，在一项需要敲击左右键的任务中，错误检测会引发一种回避反射，表现为犯错手指迅速撤回，且随着威胁迫近和回避行为的出现而增强。在实验1中，三组在与错误相关的威胁迫近程度和回避行为上存在差异的被试执行了一项侧翼任务，该任务要求敲击左右两侧的力敏键。正如预测的那样，错误出现后会迅速释放力量，且随着威胁迫近程度和逃避威胁的机会增加，力量释放的速度会更快。在实验2中，我们建立了错误按键释放时间（KRT）与内在威胁主观感受之间的联系。在对三种与错误相关的补偿机制（错误KRT、侧翼效应、错误纠正反应时间）进行的同步多元回归分析中，只有错误KRT与强迫检查倾向的增加显著相关。我们提出，错误反应撤回反映了一种错误撤回反射。
