Department of Psychology III, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2023 Jan;85(1):120-139. doi: 10.3758/s13414-022-02609-w. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
The cognitive system readily detects and corrects erroneous actions by establishing episodic bindings between representations of the acted upon stimuli and the intended correct response. If these stimuli are encountered again, they trigger the retrieval of the correct response. Thus, binding and retrieval efficiently pave the way for future success. The current study set out to define the role of the erroneous response itself and explicit feedback for the error during these processes of goal-based binding and retrieval. Two experiments showed robust and similar binding and retrieval effects with and without feedback and pointed towards sustained activation of the unbound, erroneous response. The third experiment confirmed that the erroneous response is more readily available than a neutral alternative. Together, the results demonstrate that episodic binding biases future actions toward success, guided primarily through internal feedback processes, while the erroneous response still leaves detectable traces in human action control.
认知系统通过在被作用刺激的表示和预期的正确反应之间建立情节绑定，很容易检测和纠正错误的行为。如果再次遇到这些刺激，它们会触发正确反应的检索。因此，绑定和检索有效地为未来的成功铺平了道路。本研究旨在确定错误反应本身以及在基于目标的绑定和检索过程中反馈对错误的作用。两项实验表明，有反馈和无反馈时都存在强大且相似的绑定和检索效应，指向未绑定的错误反应的持续激活。第三项实验证实，错误反应比中性反应更容易被人获取。总之，这些结果表明，情节绑定通过内部反馈过程主要引导未来的行动朝着成功的方向发展，而错误反应仍然在人类的行动控制中留下可检测的痕迹。
