Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
Université de Nîmes, France.
Cognition. 2018 Jan;170:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.09.012. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
The dual strategy model of reasoning has proposed that people's reasoning can be understood asa combination of two different ways of processing information related to problem premises: a counterexample strategy that examines information for explicit potential counterexamples and a statistical strategy that uses associative access to generate a likelihood estimate of putative conclusions. Previous studies have examined this model in the context of basic conditional reasoning tasks. However, the information processing distinction that underlies the dual strategy model can be seen asa basic description of differences in reasoning (similar to that described by many general dual process models of reasoning). In two studies, we examine how these differences in reasoning strategy may relate to processing very different information, specifically we focus on previously observed gender differences in processing negative emotions. Study 1 examined the intensity of emotional reactions to a film clip inducing primarily negative emotions. Study 2 examined the speed at which participants determine the emotional valence of sequences of negative images. In both studies, no gender differences were observed among participants using a counterexample strategy. Among participants using a statistical strategy, females produce significantly stronger emotional reactions than males (in Study 1) and were faster to recognize the valence of negative images than were males (in Study 2). Results show that the processing distinction underlying the dual strategy model of reasoning generalizes to the processing of emotions.
双重策略推理模型提出，人们的推理可以理解为对与问题前提相关的信息进行两种不同处理方式的组合：一种是检查明确潜在反例的反例策略，另一种是利用联想访问生成假定结论的可能性估计的统计策略。以前的研究已经在基本条件推理任务的背景下检验了该模型。然而，双重策略模型所基于的信息处理区别可以看作是推理差异的基本描述（类似于许多推理的一般双重过程模型所描述的）。在两项研究中，我们研究了这些推理策略的差异如何与处理非常不同的信息相关，特别是我们专注于先前观察到的处理负性情绪方面的性别差异。研究 1 检验了观看一段主要引起负面情绪的电影片段时的情绪反应强度。研究 2 检验了参与者确定一系列负面图像情绪效价的速度。在这两项研究中，使用反例策略的参与者之间没有观察到性别差异。在使用统计策略的参与者中，女性比男性产生更强烈的情绪反应（在研究 1 中），并且比男性更快地识别负面图像的情绪效价（在研究 2 中）。结果表明，推理的双重策略模型所基于的处理区别推广到了情绪处理。
