Controlling Piezoelectric Responses in Pb(ZrTi)O Films through Deposition Conditions and Nanosheet Buffer Layers on Glass.

Nanosheet CaNbO (CNOns) layers were deposited on ultralow expansion glass substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett method to obtain preferential (001)-oriented growth of Pb(ZrTi)O (PZT) thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to enhance the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the films. The PLD deposition temperature and repetition frequency used for the deposition of the PZT films were found to play a key role in the precise control of the microstructure and therefore of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. A film deposited at a high repetition frequency has a columnar grain structure, which helps to increase the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d). An enhanced d value of 356 pm V was obtained for 2-μm-thick PZT films on CNOns/glass substrates. This high value is ascribed to the preferential alignment of the crystalline [001] axis normal to the substrate surface and the open columnar structure. Large displacement actuators based on such PZT films grown on CNOns/glass substrates should be useful in smart X-ray optics applications.