Mendonça Ivete Lopes de, Batista Joilson Ferreira, Werneck Guilherme Loureiro, Soares Maria Regiane Araújo, Costa Dorcas Lamounier, Costa Carlos Henrique Nery
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017 Jul-Aug;50(4):483-488. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0014-2017.
The control of reservoirs for Leishmania infantum -induced zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis requires the identification of dogs posing a population risk. Here, we assessed the performance of several assays to identify Lutzomyia longipalpis infectious dogs.
We evaluated 99 dogs that were positive for visceral leishmaniasis based on parasite identification. Serological analyses were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence antibody tests in 1:40 and 1:80 dilutions, rapid dual path platform tests, immunochromatographic assay with a recombinant rK39 antigen, fast agglutination screening tests, and direct agglutination tests. We also performed PCR to analyze peripheral blood and xenodiagnosis.
Forty-six dogs infected at least one L. longipalpis specimen. Although the serological test sensitivities were above 85% for detecting L. longipalpis infectious dogs, none showed a satisfactory performance, as both specificity (0.06 to 13%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (45 to 53%) were low. The PCR results were also weak, with a sensitivity of 30%, specificity of 72%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 51%. The infected L. longipalpis proportion was higher among asymptomatic dogs than symptomatic dogs. Among the symptomatic dogs, those with ulceration-free skin diseases were more infectious, with an odds ratio of 9.3 (confidence interval of 1.10 - 428.5). The larger the number of insects fed, the greater the detected infectiousness.
Our study supports the imperative to develop novel technologies for identifying the infectious dogs that transmit L. infantum for the benefit of public health.
控制婴儿利什曼原虫引起的人畜共患内脏利什曼病的疫源地需要识别对群体构成风险的犬只。在此，我们评估了几种检测方法用于识别感染长须罗蛉的犬只的性能。
我们评估了99只因寄生虫鉴定确诊为内脏利什曼病阳性的犬只。采用酶联免疫吸附测定、1:40和1:80稀释度的免疫荧光抗体检测、快速双通路平台检测、重组rK39抗原免疫层析测定法、快速凝集筛查检测和直接凝集检测进行血清学分析。我们还进行了聚合酶链反应以分析外周血和虫媒接种诊断。
46只犬至少感染了一个长须罗蛉标本。尽管血清学检测在检测感染长须罗蛉的犬只时灵敏度高于85%，但均未表现出令人满意的性能，因为特异性（0.06%至13%）和受试者操作特征曲线下面积（45%至53%）均较低。聚合酶链反应结果也较弱，灵敏度为30%，特异性为72%，受试者操作特征曲线下面积为51%。无症状犬的长须罗蛉感染比例高于有症状犬。在有症状的犬只中，无溃疡皮肤病的犬只传染性更强，优势比为9.3（置信区间为1.10 - 428.5）。喂食的昆虫数量越多，检测到的传染性越强。
我们的研究支持开发新技术以识别传播婴儿利什曼原虫的感染犬只对于公共卫生的重要性。
