Bernstein Daniel M, Coolin Alisha, Fischer Ashley L, Thornton Wendy Loken, Sommerville Jessica A
Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 28;12(9):e0185345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185345. eCollection 2017.
False-belief reasoning, defined as the ability to reason about another person's beliefs and appreciate that beliefs can differ from reality, is an important aspect of perspective taking. We tested 266 individuals, at various ages ranging from 3 to 92 years, on a continuous measure of false-belief reasoning (the Sandbox task). All age groups had difficulty suppressing their own knowledge when estimating what a naïve person knew. After controlling for task-specific memory, our results showed similar false-belief reasoning abilities across the preschool years and from older childhood to younger adulthood, followed by a small reduction in this ability from younger to older adulthood. These results highlight the relative similarity in false-belief reasoning abilities at different developmental periods across the lifespan.
错误信念推理被定义为推断他人信念并认识到信念可能与现实不同的能力，是换位思考的一个重要方面。我们对266名年龄在3岁至92岁之间的个体进行了错误信念推理的连续测量（沙盒任务）。在估计一个天真的人所知道的事情时，所有年龄组在抑制自己的知识方面都有困难。在控制了特定任务的记忆后，我们的结果显示，学前阶段以及从童年晚期到成年早期，错误信念推理能力相似，随后从成年早期到成年晚期，这种能力略有下降。这些结果凸显了在整个生命周期的不同发育阶段，错误信念推理能力的相对相似性。
