后生动物发育中基因调控网络的组学研究方法。
Omics approaches to study gene regulatory networks for development in echinoderms.
出版信息
Brief Funct Genomics. 2017 Sep 1;16(5):299-308. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elx012.
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) describe the interactions for a developmental process at a given time and space. Historically, perturbation experiments represent one of the key methods for analyzing and reconstructing a GRN, and the GRN governing early development in the sea urchin embryo stands as one of the more deeply dissected so far. As technology progresses, so do the methods used to address different biological questions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a standard experimental technique for genome and transcriptome sequencing and studies of protein-DNA interactions and DNA accessibility. While several efforts have been made toward the integration of different omics approaches for the study of the regulatory genome in many animals, in a few cases, these are applied with the purpose of reconstructing and experimentally testing developmental GRNs. Here, we review emerging approaches integrating multiple NGS technologies for the prediction and validation of gene interactions within echinoderm GRNs. These approaches can be applied to both 'model' and 'non-model' organisms. Although a number of issues still need to be addressed, advances in NGS applications, such as assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing, combined with the availability of embryos belonging to different species, all separated by various evolutionary distances and accessible to experimental regulatory biology, place echinoderms in an unprecedented position for the reconstruction and evolutionary comparison of developmental GRNs. We conclude that sequencing technologies and integrated omics approaches allow the examination of GRNs on a genome-wide scale only if biological perturbation and cis-regulatory analyses are experimentally accessible, as in the case of echinoderm embryos.
基因调控网络(GRN)描述了特定时间和空间下发育过程中的相互作用。历史上,扰动实验是分析和重建 GRN 的关键方法之一,而海胆胚胎的早期发育调控网络则是迄今为止研究得比较深入的网络之一。随着技术的进步,解决不同生物学问题的方法也在不断发展。下一代测序(NGS)已成为基因组和转录组测序以及蛋白质-DNA 相互作用和 DNA 可及性研究的标准实验技术。虽然已经有几项努力将不同的组学方法整合在一起,用于研究许多动物的调控基因组,但在某些情况下,这些方法是为了重建和实验测试发育中的 GRN 而应用的。在这里,我们综述了新兴的整合多种 NGS 技术的方法,用于预测和验证棘皮动物 GRN 中的基因相互作用。这些方法可应用于“模式”和“非模式”生物。尽管仍有许多问题需要解决,但 NGS 应用的进展,如转座酶可及染色质测序分析,以及不同物种的胚胎的可用性,这些胚胎之间存在着各种进化距离,并且可以进行实验性的调控生物学研究,使棘皮动物处于重建和进化比较发育 GRN 的前所未有的地位。我们得出结论,只有在生物学扰动和顺式调控分析具有实验可及性的情况下,测序技术和整合的组学方法才能在全基因组范围内检查 GRN,就像在棘皮动物胚胎的情况下一样。