Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; email:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2018 Jan 3;10:99-119. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063204. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
The well-lit upper layer of the open ocean is a dynamical environment that hosts approximately half of global primary production. In the remote parts of this environment, distant from the coast and from the seabed, there is no obvious spatially fixed reference frame for describing the dynamics of the microscopic drifting organisms responsible for this immense production of organic matter-the phytoplankton. Thus, a natural perspective for studying phytoplankton dynamics is to follow the trajectories of water parcels in which the organisms are embedded. With the advent of satellite oceanography, this Lagrangian perspective has provided valuable information on different aspects of phytoplankton dynamics, including bloom initiation and termination, spatial distribution patterns, biodiversity, export of carbon to the deep ocean, and, more recently, bottom-up mechanisms that affect the distribution and behavior of higher-trophic-level organisms. Upcoming submesoscale-resolving satellite observations and swarms of autonomous platforms open the way to the integration of vertical dynamics into the Lagrangian view of phytoplankton dynamics.
开阔大洋的上层光照充足，是一个动态的环境，全球大约有一半的初级生产力都发生在这里。在这个环境的偏远地区，远离海岸和海底，没有明显的固定空间参考系来描述负责产生大量有机物的微观漂流生物——浮游植物的动态。因此，研究浮游植物动态的一种自然视角是追踪生物体所在水体的轨迹。随着卫星海洋学的出现，这种拉格朗日视角为浮游植物动态的不同方面提供了有价值的信息，包括浮游植物大量繁殖的开始和结束、空间分布模式、生物多样性、向深海输送碳，以及最近影响更高营养级生物分布和行为的自下而上的机制。即将到来的亚中尺度分辨率卫星观测和自主平台群为将垂直动态纳入浮游植物动态的拉格朗日观点开辟了道路。
