1] Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France [2] Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France [3] CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France.
ISME J. 2013 Oct;7(10):2054-6. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2013.72. Epub 2013 May 2.
Understanding the variability of marine biodiversity is a central issue in microbiology. Current observational programs are based on in situ studies, but their implementation at the global scale is particularly challenging, owing to the ocean extent, its temporal variability and the heterogeneity of the data sources on which compilations are built. Here, we explore the possibility of identifying phytoplanktonic biodiversity hotspots from satellite. We define a Shannon entropy index based on patchiness in ocean color bio-optical anomalies. This index provides a high resolution (1 degree) global coverage. It shows a relation to temperature and mid-latitude maxima in accordance with those previously evidenced in microbiological biodiversity model and observational studies. Regional maxima are in remarkable agreement with several known biodiversity hotspots for plankton organisms and even for higher levels of the marine trophic chain, as well as with some in situ planktonic biodiversity estimates (from Atlantic Meridional Transect cruise). These results encourage to explore marine biodiversity with a coordinated effort of the molecular, ecological and remote sensing communities.
理解海洋生物多样性的可变性是微生物学的一个核心问题。当前的观测计划基于原位研究，但由于海洋范围广阔、时间变化以及构建汇编所依据的数据来源的异质性，在全球范围内实施这些计划具有特别的挑战性。在这里，我们探讨了从卫星上识别浮游植物生物多样性热点的可能性。我们定义了一个基于海洋颜色生物光学异常斑块的香农熵指数。该指数提供了高分辨率（1 度）的全球覆盖。它与温度有关，并在中纬度地区出现最大值，这与先前在微生物生物多样性模型和观测研究中所证明的一致。区域最大值与浮游生物生物多样性的几个已知热点区域非常吻合，甚至与海洋食物链的更高层次以及一些原位浮游生物生物多样性估计值（来自大西洋子午断面航次）也非常吻合。这些结果鼓励分子、生态和遥感界进行协调努力，以探索海洋生物多样性。
