Hashimoto Yoko, Mori Mayumi, Kobayashi Shuichiro, Hanya Akira, Watanabe Shin-Ichi, Ohara Naoki, Noguchi Toshihide, Kawai Tatsushi, Okuyama Harumi
Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
Toxicol Rep. 2014 Nov 4;1:955-962. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.021. eCollection 2014.
Canola oil (Can) and hydrogenated soybean oil (H2-Soy) are commonly used edible oils. However, in contrast to soybean oil (Soy), they shorten the survival of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats. It has been proposed that the adverse effects of these oils on the kidney and testis are caused at least in part by dihydro-vitamin K (VK) 1 in H2-Soy and unidentified component(s) in Can. Increased intake of dihydro-VK1 is associated with decreased tissue VK2 levels and bone mineral density in rats and humans, respectively. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of these oils on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced ectopic bone formation, which is promoted by VK2 deficiency, in relation to the role of VK in the γ-carboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein. A crude extract of BMPs was implanted into a gap in the fascia of the femoral muscle in 5-week-old mice maintained on a Soy, Can, or H2-Soy diet. Newly formed bone volume, assessed by three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction imaging for bone, was 4-fold greater in the Can and H2-Soy groups than in the Soy group. The plasma carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC) and total OC (Gla-OC plus undercarboxylated osteocalcin [Glu-OC]) levels were significantly lower in the Can group than in the Soy group ( < 0.05). However, these levels did not significantly differ between the H2-Soy and Soy groups. The plasma Gla-OC/Glu-OC ratio in the Can and H2-Soy groups was significantly lower (in Can; = 0.044) or was almost significantly lower (in H2-Soy; = 0.053) than that in the Soy group. In conclusion, Can and H2-Soy accelerated BMP-induced bone formation in mice to a greater extent than Soy. Further research is required to evaluate whether the difference in accelerated ectopic bone formation is associated with altered levels of VK2 and VK-dependent protein(s) among the three dietary groups.
菜籽油（Can）和氢化大豆油（H2-Soy）是常用食用油。然而，与大豆油（Soy）不同，它们会缩短易患中风的自发性高血压（SHRSP）大鼠的生存期。有人提出，这些油对肾脏和睾丸的不良影响至少部分是由H2-Soy中的二氢维生素K（VK）1和Can中的未知成分引起的。二氢VK1摄入量增加分别与大鼠和人类的组织VK2水平降低和骨矿物质密度降低有关。本研究的目的是确定这些油对骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）诱导的异位骨形成的影响，骨形态发生蛋白诱导的异位骨形成是由VK2缺乏促进的，这与VK在骨钙素和基质Gla蛋白γ-羧化中的作用有关。将BMPs的粗提物植入维持在Soy、Can或H2-Soy饮食的5周龄小鼠股部肌肉筋膜的间隙中。通过三维X射线微计算机断层扫描和骨三维重建成像评估，Can组和H2-Soy组新形成的骨体积比Soy组大4倍。Can组血浆羧化骨钙素（Gla-OC）和总OC（Gla-OC加未羧化骨钙素[Glu-OC]）水平显著低于Soy组（<0.05）。然而，H2-Soy组和Soy组之间这些水平没有显著差异。Can组和H2-Soy组的血浆Gla-OC/Glu-OC比值显著低于Soy组（Can组；=0.044）或几乎显著低于Soy组（H2-Soy组；=0.053）。总之，Can和H2-Soy比Soy在更大程度上加速了小鼠中BMP诱导的骨形成。需要进一步研究来评估三个饮食组中异位骨形成加速的差异是否与VK2和VK依赖性蛋白水平的改变有关。
