Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
J Endod. 2017 Sep;43(9S):S102-S106. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.003.
Creating an optimal microenvironment that supports angiogenesis, cell-cell cross talk, cell migration, and differentiation is crucial for pulp/dentin regeneration. It was shown that dental stem cells being seeded onto a scaffold and transplanted in vivo could give rise to a new tissue similar to that of the native pulp. However, the unique structure of the tooth with a pulp space encased within hard dentin allows only a single blood supply from a small apical opening located at the apex of the root canals. Therefore, a further strategy that can address this limitation such as the incorporation of endothelial/endothelial progenitor cells or cells with high angiogenic potential into the transplant is required so that the added cells can contribute to the vascularization within the implant. However, the placement of 2 or more different cell types inside 3-dimensional porous scaffolds is technologically challenging. In contrast to the conventional scaffolding approach, self-assembly of monodispersed cells into 3-dimensional tissue mimics permits true physiological interactions between and among different types of cells without any influence from a secondary material. In this review, we discuss potential strategies that can be used in vasculature engineering in dental pulp regeneration with a specific emphasis on combining prevascularization and scaffold-based or scaffold-free approaches.
为牙髓/牙本质再生创造一个支持血管生成、细胞-细胞通讯、细胞迁移和分化的最佳微环境至关重要。研究表明，将牙干细胞接种到支架上并移植到体内，可以产生类似于天然牙髓的新组织。然而，牙齿的独特结构是牙髓腔被硬牙本质包裹，只能从位于根管根尖的小根尖开口获得单一的血液供应。因此，需要采用进一步的策略来解决这一限制，例如将内皮/内皮祖细胞或具有高血管生成潜力的细胞纳入移植中，以便添加的细胞能够促进植入物内的血管化。然而，将 2 种或更多不同类型的细胞放置在 3 维多孔支架内是具有技术挑战性的。与传统支架方法不同，单分散细胞的自组装成 3 维组织模拟物允许不同类型的细胞之间真正进行生理相互作用，而不受任何二次材料的影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在牙髓再生的血管工程中可以使用的潜在策略，特别强调了将预血管化与支架基或无支架方法相结合。
