Ozgenel Mehmet Cihat
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Erzincan University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2017 Sep;88(9):095007. doi: 10.1063/1.4997613.
Permanent magnet brushless dc (BLDC) motors are very convenient for many applications such as industrial, medical, robotic, aerospace, small electric vehicles, and home applications because of their inherent satisfying dynamic characteristics. There are numerous studies about these motors and their control schemes such as sensorless control and different speed and torque control schemes. All electric motors need commutation in order to produce speed and torque. Commutation in brushed DC motors is performed by means of a brush and collector. In BLDC motors, commutation is provided electronically in contrast to the brushed dc motors. In BLDC motors, motor phase windings are energized according to the information of the rotor position by inverter transistors. Rotor position information is used for commutation. Therefore, rotor position information is required to produce speed and torque for BLDC motors. The easiest and cheapest way to obtain rotor position information is to use Hall-effect or optical sensors. BLDC motor manufacturers generally produce BLDC motors equipped with three Hall-effect position sensors. Having three position sensors on BLDC motors provides six-step commutation which ensures two phase windings are energized in each moment. The third phase is empty. In this study, all phase windings are energized in the same time. This commutation method is twelve-step or 150 degrees commutation. So that more speed can be achieved from the same BLDC motor by comparison with six-step commutation. In this paper, both six-step and twelve-step commutation methods applied to the same BLDC motor and obtained experimental results from this study were presented, examined, and discussed.
永磁无刷直流（BLDC）电机因其固有的令人满意的动态特性，在工业、医疗、机器人、航空航天、小型电动汽车和家庭应用等许多领域都非常方便。关于这些电机及其控制方案，如无传感器控制以及不同的速度和转矩控制方案，有大量的研究。所有的电动机都需要换向才能产生速度和转矩。有刷直流电动机的换向是通过电刷和集电环来实现的。与有刷直流电动机不同，无刷直流电动机的换向是通过电子方式实现的。在无刷直流电动机中，电机相绕组由逆变器晶体管根据转子位置信息通电。转子位置信息用于换向。因此，无刷直流电动机需要转子位置信息来产生速度和转矩。获取转子位置信息最简单、最便宜的方法是使用霍尔效应或光学传感器。无刷直流电动机制造商通常生产配备三个霍尔效应位置传感器的无刷直流电动机。在无刷直流电动机上安装三个位置传感器可提供六步换向，确保每时每刻有两相绕组通电，第三相为空。在本研究中，所有相绕组同时通电。这种换向方法是十二步或150度换向。这样与六步换向相比，同一台无刷直流电动机可以实现更高的速度。本文介绍、检验并讨论了将六步和十二步换向方法应用于同一台无刷直流电动机并从该研究中获得的实验结果。
