Strömberg Carl, Aboagye Emmanuel, Hagberg Jan, Bergström Gunnar, Lohela-Karlsson Malin
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Value Health. 2017 Sep;20(8):1058-1064. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
The aim of this study was to propose wage multipliers that can be used to estimate the costs of productivity loss for employers in economic evaluations, using detailed information from managers.
Data were collected in a survey panel of 758 managers from different sectors of the labor market. Based on assumed scenarios of a period of absenteeism due to sickness, presenteeism and work environment-related problem episodes, and specified job characteristics (i.e., explanatory variables), managers assessed their impact on group productivity and cost (i.e., the dependent variable). In an ordered probit model, the extent of productivity loss resulting from job characteristics is predicted. The predicted values are used to derive wage multipliers based on the cost of productivity estimates provided by the managers.
The results indicate that job characteristics (i.e., degree of time sensitivity of output, teamwork, or difficulty in replacing a worker) are linked to productivity loss as a result of health-related and work environment-related problems. The impact of impaired performance on productivity differs among various occupations. The mean wage multiplier is 1.97 for absenteeism, 1.70 for acute presenteeism, 1.54 for chronic presenteeism, and 1.72 for problems related to the work environment. This implies that the costs of health-related and work environment-related problems to organizations can exceed the worker's wage.
The use of wage multipliers is recommended for calculating the cost of health-related and work environment-related productivity loss to properly account for actual costs.
本研究旨在利用来自管理人员的详细信息，提出可用于在经济评估中估算雇主生产力损失成本的工资乘数。
在一个由来自劳动力市场不同部门的758名管理人员组成的调查小组中收集数据。基于因疾病缺勤、出勤主义和与工作环境相关的问题事件的假设情景，以及特定的工作特征（即解释变量），管理人员评估了这些因素对团队生产力和成本（即因变量）的影响。在一个有序概率模型中，预测了由工作特征导致的生产力损失程度。根据管理人员提供的生产力成本估算，利用预测值推导出工资乘数。
结果表明，工作特征（即产出的时间敏感程度、团队合作或替换工人的难度）与因健康相关和工作环境相关问题导致的生产力损失有关。绩效受损对生产力的影响在不同职业中有所不同。旷工的平均工资乘数为1.97，急性出勤主义为1.70，慢性出勤主义为1.54，与工作环境相关问题为1.72。这意味着与健康相关和工作环境相关问题给组织带来的成本可能超过工人的工资。
建议使用工资乘数来计算与健康相关和工作环境相关的生产力损失成本，以便正确核算实际成本。
