Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM-RS, Brazil.
Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM-RS, Brazil.
Brain Res Bull. 2017 Oct;135:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.013. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Amphetamine (AMPH) and its derivatives are addictive drugs used to promote and enhance alertness, motivation, willingness, courage and wellbeing. However, their chronic use is related to memory loss, emotional instability, insomnia, psychosis and paranoia. In the last decades, modern society has included processed foods, rich in trans fatty acids (TFA), in their diet, what has been related to several health problems including increased AMPH preference and self-administration. In this scenario, physical activity appears to be useful to attenuate rewarding symptoms related to addictive drugs mainly by affecting brain neuroplasticity and neurotransmission. The current study has been developed to assess the influence of physical activity on addiction parameters of rats exposed to AMPH which were previously supplemented with hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF), rich in TFA. After six weeks of HVF or soybean oil (SO, control group) supplementation, adult rats were conditioned with d,l-AMPH or vehicle for 14 days. Then, half of each experimental group was submitted to physical activity in treadmill running sessions (60min/day, 5 days/week) for 5 weeks. Animals were re-conditioned with AMPH or vehicle for 3 more days, to observe drug relapse. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like symptoms were observed 24h after the last AMPH reconditioning, and fatty acids composition was quantified in the ventral tegmental area, striatum and prefrontal cortex. All animals showed AMPH preference, but only SO sedentary showed drug relapse. No differences were observed in locomotor activity among groups, while HVF-supplemented group showed decreased exploration per se, and physical activity prevented this. Moreover, AMPH-HVF group showed increased anxiety-like symptoms, which were prevented by physical activity. These results indicate that HVF supplementation modifies AMPH addiction, whereas regular physical activity could be protective against both AMPH and TFA damages.
苯丙胺（AMPH）及其衍生物是具有成瘾性的药物，用于促进和增强警觉性、动机、意愿、勇气和幸福感。然而，它们的长期使用与记忆力减退、情绪不稳定、失眠、精神病和偏执有关。在过去的几十年里，现代社会在饮食中加入了富含反式脂肪酸（TFA）的加工食品，这与包括增加 AMPE 偏好和自我给药在内的多种健康问题有关。在这种情况下，体育活动似乎可以通过影响大脑神经可塑性和神经传递来减轻与成瘾药物相关的奖励症状。本研究旨在评估体育活动对接触 AMPH 的大鼠成瘾参数的影响，这些大鼠之前补充了富含 TFA 的氢化植物油（HVF）。在 HVF 或大豆油（对照组）补充六周后，成年大鼠接受 d,l-AMPH 或载体 14 天条件作用。然后，每组的一半动物进行跑步机跑步运动（每天 60 分钟，每周 5 天），持续 5 周。动物在最后一次 AMPH 再训练后 24 小时进行运动，观察药物复发。观察到运动后 24 小时的运动活动和焦虑样症状，并在腹侧被盖区、纹状体和前额皮质中定量脂肪酸组成。所有动物均表现出 AMPE 偏好，但只有 SO 静坐组表现出药物复发。各组之间的运动活动无差异，而 HVF 补充组本身的探索性降低，而体育活动则阻止了这种情况。此外，AMPH-HVF 组表现出增加的焦虑样症状，而体育活动则阻止了这种情况。这些结果表明，HVF 补充改变了 AMPE 成瘾，而有规律的体育活动可能对 AMPE 和 TFA 损伤具有保护作用。
