Kitta Takeya, Kanno Yukiko, Chiba Hiroki, Higuchi Madoka, Ouchi Mifuka, Togo Mio, Moriya Kimihiko, Shinohara Nobuo
Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Int J Urol. 2018 Jan;25(1):36-44. doi: 10.1111/iju.13471. Epub 2017 Oct 1.
The functions of the lower urinary tract have been investigated for more than a century. Lower urinary tract symptoms, such as incomplete bladder emptying, weak urine stream, daytime urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence and nocturia after partial bladder outlet obstruction, is a frequent cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging men. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The use of animal models is absolutely imperative for understanding the pathophysiological processes involved in bladder dysfunction. Surgical induction has been used to study lower urinary tract functions of numerous animal species, such as pig, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse, of both sexes. Several morphological and functional modifications under partial bladder outlet obstruction have not only been observed in the bladder, but also in the central nervous system. Understanding the changes of the lower urinary tract functions induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction would also contribute to appropriate drug development for treating these pathophysiological conditions. In the present review, we discuss techniques for creating partial bladder outlet obstruction, the characteristics of several species, as well as issues of each model, and their translational value.
下尿路功能的研究已经开展了一个多世纪。下尿路症状，如膀胱排空不全、尿流变弱、白天尿频、尿急、急迫性尿失禁以及部分膀胱出口梗阻后的夜尿症，是老年男性良性前列腺增生的常见原因。然而，其病理生理机制尚未完全阐明。对于理解膀胱功能障碍所涉及的病理生理过程而言，使用动物模型是绝对必要的。手术诱导已被用于研究多种动物物种（包括猪、狗、兔、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠等两性动物）的下尿路功能。部分膀胱出口梗阻后的几种形态和功能改变不仅在膀胱中被观察到，在中枢神经系统中也有发现。了解部分膀胱出口梗阻引起的下尿路功能变化也将有助于开发治疗这些病理生理状况的合适药物。在本综述中，我们讨论了造成部分膀胱出口梗阻的技术、几种物种的特点、每个模型的问题及其转化价值。
