Wang Tingting, Liu Yuan, Li Zhanzhan, Liu Kaihua, Xu Yang, Shi Wenpei, Chen Lizhang
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 2;12(10):e0175108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175108. eCollection 2017.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women worldwide. IPV during pregnancy is an important risk factor for adverse health outcomes for women and their offspring. However, the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy is not well understood in China. The objective of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu and CBM databases to identify relevant articles published from the inception of each database to January 31, 2016 that reported data on the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China. The Risk of Bias Tool for prevalence studies was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Owing to significant between-study heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval, and then univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors associated with IPV during pregnancy.
Thirteen studies with a total of 30,665 individuals were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of IPV during pregnancy was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.6-10.1%) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97.8%, p < 0.001). The results of the univariate meta-regression analyses showed that only the variable "sample source" explained part of the heterogeneity in this study (p < 0.05). The characteristics "number of children" and "unplanned pregnancy" were determined as risk factors for experiencing violence during pregnancy.
The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China is considerable and one of the highest reported in Asia, which suggests that issues of violence against women during pregnancy should be included in efforts to improve the health of pregnant women and their offspring. In addition, a nationwide epidemiological study is needed to confirm the prevalence estimates and identify more risk factors for IPV during pregnancy.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是全球范围内针对女性最常见的暴力形式。孕期亲密伴侣暴力是影响女性及其后代健康不良后果的重要风险因素。然而，中国孕期亲密伴侣暴力的患病率尚不清楚。本研究的目的是通过系统评价和荟萃分析来估计中国孕期亲密伴侣暴力的合并患病率。
在PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普和CBM数据库中进行系统文献检索，以识别从各数据库建库至2016年1月31日期间发表的报告中国孕期亲密伴侣暴力患病率数据的相关文章。使用患病率研究的偏倚风险工具评估个体研究中的偏倚风险。由于研究间存在显著异质性，采用随机效应模型计算合并患病率及相应的95%置信区间，然后进行单变量Meta回归分析以探究异质性来源。进行亚组分析以探索与孕期亲密伴侣暴力相关的风险因素。
本研究纳入了13项研究，共30665人。孕期亲密伴侣暴力的总体合并患病率为7.7%（95%CI：5.6 - 10.1%），存在显著异质性（I² = 97.8%，p < 0.001）。单变量Meta回归分析结果显示，仅“样本来源”变量解释了本研究中的部分异质性（p < 0.05）。“子女数量”和“意外怀孕”特征被确定为孕期遭受暴力的风险因素。
中国孕期亲密伴侣暴力的患病率相当高，是亚洲报道的最高患病率之一，这表明孕期针对女性的暴力问题应纳入改善孕妇及其后代健康的工作中。此外，需要开展全国性的流行病学研究以确认患病率估计值并识别更多孕期亲密伴侣暴力的风险因素。
