Caplova Zuzana, Obertova Zuzana, Gibelli Daniele M, De Angelis Danilo, Mazzarelli Debora, Sforza Chiarella, Cattaneo Cristina
Dipartimento di Morfologia e Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Medicina Legale, LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, Milano, 20133, Italy.
J Forensic Sci. 2018 May;63(3):662-671. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13643. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
The use of the physical appearance of the deceased has become more important because the available antemortem information for comparisons may consist only of a physical description and photographs. Twenty-one articles dealing with the identification based on the physiognomic features of the human body were selected for review and were divided into four sections: (i) visual recognition, (ii) specific facial/body areas, (iii) biometrics, and (iv) dental superimposition. While opinions about the reliability of the visual recognition differ, the search showed that it has been used in mass disasters, even without testing its objectivity and reliability. Specific facial areas being explored for the identification of dead; however, their practical use is questioned, similarly to soft biometrics. The emerging dental superimposition seems to be the only standardized and successfully applied method for identification so far. More research is needed into a potential use of the individualizing features, considering that postmortem changes and technical difficulties may affect the identification.
由于可用于比对的生前信息可能仅包括外貌描述和照片，因此死者外貌的利用变得更加重要。我们挑选了21篇基于人体相貌特征进行身份识别的文章进行综述，并将其分为四个部分：（i）视觉识别；（ii）特定面部/身体部位；（iii）生物识别技术；（iv）牙齿叠加法。尽管对于视觉识别的可靠性存在不同观点，但调查显示它已在大规模灾难中使用，甚至未对其客观性和可靠性进行测试。目前正在探索特定面部区域用于识别死者；然而，与软生物识别技术类似，其实际用途受到质疑。新兴的牙齿叠加法似乎是迄今为止唯一标准化且成功应用的身份识别方法。鉴于死后变化和技术难题可能影响身份识别，有必要对个体特征的潜在用途开展更多研究。
