Bissoli R, Battistini S, Guarnieri T, Contestabile A
Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Italy.
J Neurochem. 1988 Jun;50(6):1731-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02471.x.
The levels of cholinergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic), and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter markers have been measured in 18 regions of the pigeon telencephalon as well as in supposedly homologous areas of the rat telencephalon. Among the basal telencephalic areas, some similar patterns of regional distribution were observed, with the noticeable exception of the ratio of levels of cholinergic markers between the striatum and globus pallidus, which was much larger in the rat than in the pigeon. In the rat cortical areas, some interesting differences were noticed among the archicortex, the paleocortex, and various parts of the neocortex. In particular, the area identified as prefrontal cortex by previous studies was significantly richer in cholinergic and excitatory amino acid markers and poorer in GABAergic activity than other neocortical regions. In the pigeon, presumedly neocortical equivalent areas--in particular, those constituting the dorsal ventricular ridge--were quite variable in levels of cholinergic markers, and some apparently well-established areas homologous to mammalian neocortex showed exceptionally low levels of cholinergic markers. The higher variability in levels of neurotransmitter-related markers shown by cortically equivalent areas of the avian dorsal ventricular ridge, as compared with the more uniform pattern present in basal telencephalic regions, may be the result of a greater plasticity of these structures during evolution, in response to different selective pressures.
已对鸽端脑的18个区域以及大鼠端脑的假定同源区域中的胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸能（GABA能）和兴奋性氨基酸神经递质标志物水平进行了测量。在基底端脑区域中，观察到了一些相似的区域分布模式，但纹状体和苍白球之间胆碱能标志物水平的比率明显不同，该比率在大鼠中比在鸽中要大得多。在大鼠皮质区域中，在原皮质、旧皮质和新皮质的各个部分之间发现了一些有趣的差异。特别是，先前研究确定为前额叶皮质的区域，其胆碱能和兴奋性氨基酸标志物含量明显高于其他新皮质区域，而GABA能活性则较低。在鸽中，推测的新皮质等效区域——特别是构成背侧室嵴的那些区域——胆碱能标志物水平变化很大，一些与哺乳动物新皮质明显同源的区域显示出极低的胆碱能标志物水平。与基底端脑区域中更一致的模式相比，鸟类背侧室嵴的皮质等效区域中神经递质相关标志物水平的更高变异性，可能是这些结构在进化过程中对不同选择压力做出反应而具有更大可塑性的结果。
