Coleman Tom W, Smith Sheri L, Jones Michael I, Graves Andrew D, Strom Brian L
USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 602?S. Tippecanoe Ave., San Bernardino, CA 92408.
USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 2550 Riverside Dr., Susanville, CA 96130.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Oct 1;110(5):2129-2139. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox199.
From 2009 to 2013, we tested four systemic insecticide formulations and five application methods against the invasive goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in California. The insecticides were evaluated in three experiments: 1) 2009 remedial applications of emamectin benzoate (stem-injection) and imidacloprid (stem-injection and soil-injection); 2) 2009-2012 emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid initially applied at different times during the dormant season with varying injection technologies; and 3) 2013 dinotefuran applied to several tree diameter size classes. Adult leaf-feeding bioassays were used to assess the impact of systemic treatments against A. auroguttatus, whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays determined the quantity of the active ingredient of insecticide residues in foliage. Imidacloprid (experiment 1) persisted at elevated levels in foliage of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née, for 1.5 yr following stem injections. Stem injections of emamectin benzoate (experiment 2) sometimes significantly decreased survival in adults fed foliage from treated Q. agrifolia, and both the emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid treatments reduced adult feeding in some trials. Imidacloprid residues in Q. agrifolia and California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb., foliage remained at elevated levels (>10 µg/g) ∼2 yr postapplication. In 2013 (experiment 3), dinotefuran residues were highest in foliage collections 2 wk postapplication and greatest in smaller diameter oaks, but insecticide treatment had no effect on survival or frass production by adults fed foliage from treated trees. Systemic injections of emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid applied during the dormant season to uninfested or lightly infested oaks can reduce adult A. auroguttatus survival and maturation feeding.
2009年至2013年期间，我们在加利福尼亚州针对入侵性的金斑橡木小蠹（Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer，鞘翅目：吉丁甲科）测试了四种系统性杀虫剂配方和五种施用方法。这些杀虫剂在三项试验中进行了评估：1）2009年对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（树干注射）和吡虫啉（树干注射和土壤注射）进行的补救性施用；2）2009年至2012年，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和吡虫啉在休眠季节的不同时间采用不同的注射技术进行首次施用；3）2013年将呋虫胺应用于几个不同树径大小等级的树木。采用成虫食叶生物测定法评估系统性处理对金斑橡木小蠹的影响，而酶联免疫吸附测定法则测定叶片中杀虫剂残留活性成分的含量。在试验1中，吡虫啉通过树干注射后，在海岸活栎（Quercus agrifolia Née）叶片中持续高含量存在达1.5年。在试验2中，对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐进行树干注射有时会显著降低取食经处理的海岸活栎叶片的成虫的存活率，并且在一些试验中，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和吡虫啉处理均减少了成虫的取食量。在施用后约2年，海岸活栎和加州黑栎（Quercus kelloggii Newb.）叶片中的吡虫啉残留仍处于高含量水平（>10 μg/g）。在2013年（试验3），呋虫胺残留量在施用后2周的叶片样本中最高，并且在较小直径的橡树中残留量最大，但杀虫剂处理对取食经处理树木叶片的成虫的存活率或排粪量没有影响。在休眠季节对未受侵染或轻度受侵染的橡树进行甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和吡虫啉的系统性注射，可以降低金斑橡木小蠹成虫的存活率和成熟取食量。
