Department of Orthodontics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Research and Development Unit in Southern Alvsborg County, Boras, Sweden and Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2017 Dec;19(6):1082-1089. doi: 10.1111/cid.12545. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Continuous physiologic eruption of teeth may become a main aesthetic issue for implants inserted in the maxillary anterior region.
To study maxillary tooth vertical changes during a 10 years period by 3-dimensional superimposition of digital dental casts.
Alginate impressions were taken at both baseline and at the 10-year follow-up in a sample of 24 adult Swedish women (average age of 48 years at T0). The upper arch plaster casts were digitized with a 3-dimensional scanner and then superimposed on the palate and the palatal rugae. Occlusal and gingival anatomic structures were digitized for each upper tooth from first molar to first molar. The vertical changes of these structures gave an indication of tooth extrusion and apical or coronal displacement of the gingival margin.
A trend was found for eruption in the anterior region (+0.3 mm on average) while a slight extrusion if not any was found in the first molars and premolars area. Vertical displacement of the gingival margin showed also a positive trend from first molars to incisors. Negative average values, corresponding clinically to gingival recession, were found on first molars (-0.36 mm) and premolars (-0.15 mm), while no displacement was detected in the anteriors. Clinical crown lengths increased in all teeth and it is mainly due to gingival recession for first molars and premolars, while for the incisors the eruption is coupled to a slight equivalent gingival coronal migration.
During a 10-year period, continuous eruption takes place in female adult subjects, especially in the upper incisors area while gingival recession occurred in first molars and premolars area leading to crown length elongation. Implant placement in the anterior area of the maxilla may have an aesthetic impact even in mature adults due to the continuous eruption of the adjacent teeth.
上颌前牙区种植体植入后，牙齿持续生理性萌出可能成为一个主要的美学问题。
通过数字化牙颌模型的三维叠加，研究上颌牙齿在 10 年期间的垂直变化。
在 24 名瑞典成年女性（T0 时平均年龄为 48 岁）的样本中，在基线和 10 年随访时分别取藻酸盐印模。上颌石膏模型用三维扫描仪数字化，然后叠加在腭部和腭部嵴上。对每个上颌牙齿（从第一磨牙到第一磨牙）的咬合和牙龈解剖结构进行数字化。这些结构的垂直变化表明牙齿的伸长以及牙龈边缘的根尖或冠方移位。
发现前牙区有萌出趋势（平均增加 0.3mm），而第一磨牙和前磨牙区则有轻微的伸长。牙龈边缘的垂直位移也呈现出从第一磨牙到切牙的正趋势。第一磨牙（-0.36mm）和前磨牙（-0.15mm）出现了平均负向值，临床上对应于牙龈退缩，而在前牙区则没有检测到任何位移。所有牙齿的临床冠长都增加了，这主要是由于第一磨牙和前磨牙的牙龈退缩，而对于切牙，萌出与轻微的等效牙龈冠向迁移有关。
在 10 年期间，女性成年受试者中持续发生萌出，尤其是在上颌切牙区，而第一磨牙和前磨牙区发生了牙龈退缩，导致牙冠长度延长。由于相邻牙齿的持续萌出，上颌前牙区植入物的放置即使在成年人中也可能会产生美学影响。
