Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
Nat Rev Neurol. 2017 Dec;13(12):713-724. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.137. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Migraine is a complex disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache, and is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological disorders. A key feature of migraine is that various factors can trigger an attack, and this phenomenon provides a unique opportunity to investigate disease mechanisms by experimentally inducing migraine attacks. In this Review, we summarize the existing experimental models of migraine in humans, including those that exploit nitric oxide, histamine, neuropeptide and prostaglandin signalling. We describe the development and use of these models in the discovery of molecular pathways that are responsible for initiation of migraine attacks. Combining experimental human models with advanced imaging techniques might help to identify biomarkers of migraine, and in the ongoing search for new and better migraine treatments, human models will have a key role in the discovery of future targets for more-specific and more-effective mechanism-based antimigraine drugs.
偏头痛是一种复杂的疾病，其特征是反复发作的头痛，是最常见和最具致残性的神经疾病之一。偏头痛的一个主要特征是各种因素都可能引发发作，这种现象为通过实验性诱导偏头痛发作来研究疾病机制提供了独特的机会。在这篇综述中，我们总结了现有的人偏头痛实验模型，包括利用一氧化氮、组胺、神经肽和前列腺素信号通路的模型。我们描述了这些模型的开发和应用，以发现导致偏头痛发作的分子途径。将实验性人类模型与先进的成像技术相结合，可能有助于确定偏头痛的生物标志物，并且在不断寻找新的和更好的偏头痛治疗方法的过程中，人类模型将在发现更具体、更有效的基于机制的抗偏头痛药物的未来靶点方面发挥关键作用。
