University of Liège, Psychology of Aging Unit, Liège, Belgium.
University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1219, ISPED, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
Age Ageing. 2018 Jan 1;47(1):101-106. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afx101.
this study investigates the role of social and mental occupational characteristics in cognitive decline after retirement.
the study included 1,048 subjects aged ≥65 years from the Three City cohort. Participants were evaluated at home at the initial visit and at 2-year intervals for a period of 12 years. The study includes detailed assessments of cognition, health and information about the subjects' main occupation. The four cognitive tests have been grouped into one latent factor. Three independent raters specialised in employment were asked to evaluate the level of social and intellectual stimulation for each occupation, which was then rated as low, medium and high.
after controlling for potential confounding factors, no association was found between higher levels of social stimulation at work and baseline cognition (medium score, P = 0.440; high score, P = 0.700) as compared with a low level. While cognitive trajectories were initially similar between high and medium levels of social stimulation compared with that of a low level, with advancing age this association diverged whereby more social stimulation during work years was related to accelerated cognitive decline that further grew in magnitude with older age. For mental stimulation, differences were only observed at baseline, with greater levels of mental stimulation during work years being associated with better cognitive performance (medium score, β = 0.573, P = 0.015; and high score, β = 0.510; P = 0.090) compared with a low level of mental stimulation.
workers retiring from occupations characterised by high levels of social stimulation may be at risk of accelerated cognitive decline with advancing age.
本研究旨在探讨社会和心理职业特征在退休后认知能力下降中的作用。
该研究纳入了来自三城市队列的 1048 名年龄≥65 岁的受试者。参与者在初次就诊时和随后的 12 年期间每 2 年进行一次家访评估。该研究包括对认知、健康以及受试者主要职业信息的详细评估。四项认知测试被归为一个潜在因子。三位专门从事就业的独立评估员被要求评估每项职业的社会和智力刺激水平，并将其评定为低、中、高三个等级。
在控制了潜在的混杂因素后，与低水平相比，工作中高水平的社会刺激与基线认知之间没有关联（中水平得分，P=0.440；高水平得分，P=0.700）。虽然在初始阶段，高、中水平的社会刺激与低水平的认知轨迹相似，但随着年龄的增长，这种关联出现了差异，即工作年限期间更多的社会刺激与认知衰退加速有关，且随着年龄的增长，这种关联的幅度进一步增大。对于精神刺激，只有在基线时才观察到差异，工作年限期间更高水平的精神刺激与更好的认知表现相关（中水平得分，β=0.573，P=0.015；高水平得分，β=0.510，P=0.090）与低水平的精神刺激相比。
从社会刺激水平较高的职业中退休的工人可能面临随着年龄增长认知能力加速下降的风险。
