Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2018 Feb 17;10(2):229. doi: 10.3390/nu10020229.
Appropriate dietary pattern for preserving cognitive function in northern Europe remains unknown. We aimed to identify a Nordic dietary pattern index associated with slower cognitive decline compared to the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Baltic Sea Diet indices. A total of 2223 dementia-free adults aged ≥60 were followed for 6 years. Mini-Mental State Examination was administrated at baseline and follow-ups. Dietary intake was assessed by 98-item food frequency questionnaire, and the Nordic Prudent Dietary Pattern (NPDP) was identified. Data were analysed using mixed-effects and parametric survival models and receiver operating characteristic curves with adjustment for potential confounders. Moderate (β = 0.139, 95% CI 0.077-0.201) and high adherence (β = 0.238, 95% CI 0.175-0.300) to NPDP were associated with less cognitive decline compared to other four indices. High adherence to NPDP was also associated with the lowest risk of MMSE decline to ≤24 (HR = 0.176, 95% CI 0.080-0.386) and had the greatest ability to predict such decline (area under the curve = 0.70). Moderate-to-high adherence to the NPDP may predict a better-preserved cognitive function among older adults in Nordic countries. Regional dietary habits should be considered in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.
北欧地区适合保持认知功能的饮食模式仍不清楚。我们旨在确定与地中海- DASH 干预神经退行性延迟、地中海饮食、停止高血压的饮食方法和波罗的海饮食指数相比，与认知衰退速度较慢相关的北欧饮食模式指数。共有 2223 名无痴呆症的 60 岁以上成年人接受了 6 年的随访。在基线和随访时进行了简易精神状态检查。通过 98 项食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量，并确定了北欧谨慎饮食模式 (NPDP)。使用混合效应和参数生存模型以及接收器工作特征曲线进行数据分析，并调整了潜在的混杂因素。与其他四个指数相比，NPDP 的中等（β=0.139，95%CI 0.077-0.201）和高度（β=0.238，95%CI 0.175-0.300）依从性与认知衰退程度较低相关。与 NPDP 的高度依从性也与 MMSE 下降至≤24 的风险最低相关（HR=0.176，95%CI 0.080-0.386），并具有预测这种下降的最大能力（曲线下面积=0.70）。NPDP 的中高度依从性可能预示着北欧国家老年人的认知功能保持更好。在制定预防认知障碍和痴呆的饮食指南时，应考虑区域饮食习惯。
