Hamzehzadeh Leila, Yousefi Meysam, Ghaffari Seyed-Hamidollah
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2017 Jul 1;11(3):250-261.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and considered to be one of the hassles in medical communities. CRC develops from precancerous polyps in the colon or rectum and is preventable and curable by an early diagnosis and with the removal of premalignant polyps. In recent years, scientists have looked for inexpensive and safe ways to detect CRC in its earliest stages. Strong evidence shows that screening for CRC is a crucial way to reduce the incidence and mortality of this devastating disease. The main purpose for screening is to detect cancer or pre-cancer signs in all asymptomatic patients. In this review, we holistically introduce major pathways involved in the initiation and progression of colorectal tumorgenesis, which mainly includes chromosome instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and we then will discuss different screening tests and especially the latest non-invasive fecal screening test kits for the detection of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见的癌症之一，被认为是医学界的难题之一。CRC由结肠或直肠中的癌前息肉发展而来，通过早期诊断和切除癌前息肉是可预防和治愈的。近年来，科学家们一直在寻找廉价且安全的方法来在CRC的最早阶段进行检测。有力证据表明，CRC筛查是降低这种毁灭性疾病发病率和死亡率的关键方法。筛查的主要目的是在所有无症状患者中检测癌症或癌前迹象。在本综述中，我们全面介绍了结直肠肿瘤发生起始和进展所涉及的主要途径，主要包括染色体不稳定（CIN）、微卫星不稳定（MSI）、CpG岛甲基化表型（CIMP），然后我们将讨论不同的筛查测试，尤其是用于检测CRC的最新非侵入性粪便筛查测试试剂盒。
