Vereshchaka Alexander L, Kulagin Dmitry N, Lunina Anastasia A
Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Prospekt 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
Cladistics. 2019 Apr;35(2):150-172. doi: 10.1111/cla.12239. Epub 2018 May 10.
The first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Euphausiacea (all 86 valid species) is presented. It is based on four molecular markers and 168 morphological characters (including 58 characters of the petasma). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and robustness of the families Bentheuphausidae and Euphausiidae and reveal three major clades for which we erect three new subfamilies: Thysanopodinae, Euphausiinae and Nematoscelinae. All genus-level clades are statistically supported (except Thysanopoda in molecular analyses), deeply nested within the subfamily-level clades, and encompass 14 new species groups. Copulatory structures have a major impact on tree topology in the morphological analysis, the removal of which resulted in only half the number of supported clades and genera. We revealed three groups of morphological characters, which are probably coupled with the same biological role and thus interlinked evolutionarily: (i) antennular peduncle and petasma (copulation); (ii) eyes and anterior thoracopods (feeding); and (iii) shape of carapace and pleon (defence). We analysed the evolutionary pathways of the clades into main oceanic biotopes and compared them with morphological adaptations most likely to be coupled with this process.
本文首次对磷虾目（共86个有效物种）进行了全面的系统发育研究。该研究基于四个分子标记和168个形态特征（包括交接器的58个特征）。系统发育分析支持了深海磷虾科和磷虾科的单系性和稳健性，并揭示了三个主要分支，为此我们建立了三个新亚科：缨足磷虾亚科、磷虾亚科和柔磷虾亚科。所有属级分支均得到统计学支持（分子分析中缨足磷虾属除外），它们深深嵌套在亚科级分支中，并包含14个新物种组。在形态分析中，交配结构对树形拓扑有重大影响，去除这些结构后，得到支持的分支和属的数量仅为原来的一半。我们揭示了三组形态特征，它们可能具有相同的生物学作用，因此在进化上相互关联：（i）触角柄和交接器（交配）；（ii）眼睛和前胸附肢（摄食）；（iii）头胸甲和尾节的形状（防御）。我们分析了各分支向主要海洋生物群落的进化途径，并将其与最可能与此过程相关的形态适应进行了比较。
