School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Proteomics. 2017 Nov;17(21). doi: 10.1002/pmic.201700315.
Proteogenomics, the integrative analysis of the proteome and the genome, increasingly provides protein-level insights about the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Armengaud et al. (Proteomics 2017, 17, 1700211) nicely illustrate this trend with the first in-depth proteomic analysis of the eukaryotic and unicellular intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. Not only this work constitutes an important milestone toward the proteogenomics profile of this human pathogen, but also it demonstrates at the protein level the occurrence of a specific mechanism of mRNA decoding. GU-rich motifs located downstream of mRNA polyadenylation sites create termination codons that ultimately result in the synthesis of proteins with lower molecular weight than predicted from gene sequence. Thus, the scope of proteogenomics now extends to the regulation of mRNA translation into proteins, providing a proof of concept for future studies in multicellular eukaryotes such as humans and plants.
蛋白质组学是对蛋白质组和基因组的综合分析，它越来越多地提供了关于基因表达和蛋白质翻译调控的蛋白质水平的见解。Armengaud 等人（《蛋白质组学》2017 年，17，1700211）用真核生物和单细胞肠道寄生虫 Blastocystis sp 的首次深入蛋白质组学分析很好地说明了这一趋势。这项工作不仅是该人类病原体蛋白质组学图谱的重要里程碑，还在蛋白质水平上证明了一种特定的 mRNA 解码机制的发生。位于 mRNA 多聚腺苷酸化位点下游的富含 GU 的基序会产生终止密码子，最终导致合成的蛋白质分子量低于从基因序列预测的分子量。因此，蛋白质组学的范围现在扩展到了 mRNA 翻译为蛋白质的调控，为未来在人类和植物等多细胞真核生物中的研究提供了概念验证。
