Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017 Nov;11(6):497-501. doi: 10.1111/irv.12507. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
Influenza surveillance data from Africa indicate a substantial disease burden with high mortality. However, local influenza data from district hospitals with limited laboratory facilities are still scarce.
To identify the frequency and seasonal distribution of influenza among hospitalized febrile children in a rural hospital in Ghana and to describe differential diagnoses to other severe febrile infections.
Between January 2014 and April 2015, all children with a temperature of ≥38°C admitted to a district hospital in Ghana were screened for influenza A and B by RT-PCR and differentiated to subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2). Malaria microscopy and blood cultures were performed for each patient.
A total of 1063 children with a median age of 2 years (IQR: 1-4 years) were recruited. Of those, 271 (21%) were classified as severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and 47 (4%) were positive for influenza, namely 26 (55%) influenza B, 15 (32%) A(H1N1)pdm09, and 6 (13%) A(H3N2) cases. Influenza predominantly occurred in children aged 3-5 years and was more frequently detected in the major rainy season (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.47-6.19) during the first half of the year. Two (4%) and seven (15%) influenza-positive children were co-diagnosed with an invasive bloodstream infection or malaria, respectively.
Influenza contributes substantially to the burden of hospitalized febrile children in Ghana being strongly dependent on age and corresponds with the major rainy season during the first half-year.
非洲的流感监测数据表明，该地区疾病负担沉重，死亡率高。然而，拥有有限实验室设施的地区医院的本地流感数据仍然稀缺。
确定加纳农村医院住院发热儿童中流感的频率和季节性分布，并描述与其他严重发热感染的鉴别诊断。
2014 年 1 月至 2015 年 4 月期间，对加纳一家地区医院所有体温≥38°C 的儿童进行了甲型和乙型流感的 RT-PCR 检测，并对 A(H1N1)pdm09 和 A(H3N2)亚型进行了区分。对每位患者进行疟疾显微镜检查和血培养。
共纳入了 1063 名中位年龄为 2 岁（IQR：1-4 岁）的儿童。其中 271 名（21%）被归类为严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI），47 名（4%）流感阳性，包括 26 名（55%）流感 B 型、15 名（32%）A(H1N1)pdm09 和 6 名（13%）A(H3N2)病例。流感主要发生在 3-5 岁的儿童中，并且在上半年的主要雨季更为常见（OR=2.9；95%CI：1.47-6.19）。2 名（4%）和 7 名（15%）流感阳性儿童分别被诊断为侵袭性血流感染或疟疾。
流感在加纳住院发热儿童的负担中占很大比重，主要与年龄有关，并与上半年的主要雨季相对应。
