Soil Zoology Group, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Complutense University, Jose Antonio Nováis s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluídos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:287-295. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.122. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
The application of biosolids in agricultural fields is increasing annually. They contain not only nutrients but also xenobiotics, such as Bisphenol A (BPA). These compounds are not regulated in the use of biosolids in agriculture, which highlights the need to assess their effects on soil life, of which earthworms are most abundant of the animal representatives. In this study the effect of BPA on life-history parameters, such as mortality, growth and reproduction, and on immunity, is evaluated for Dendrobaena veneta and Eisenia fetida. Sublethal concentrations were evaluated by a modified OECD artificial soil test. Decline in growth with increasing concentration of BPA was detected during the first two weeks and the opposite effect for the next two, although these differences were only significant at the highest concentration. Reproduction traits were only significantly different for E. fetida, for which the number of juveniles decreased at higher concentrations, thus showing different sensitivity in both species. By using a contact test, the potentially harmful effect of direct contact with BPA was shown to be much higher than in soil (resembling natural) conditions. Finally, results indicate that BPA may not affect the immune system of these animals, at least in terms of coelomocyte viability.
生物固体在农业领域的应用正在逐年增加。它们不仅含有营养物质，还含有像双酚 A (BPA) 这样的外来化合物。这些化合物在生物固体的农业应用中不受监管，这凸显了需要评估它们对土壤生物的影响，而蚯蚓是动物代表中最丰富的。在这项研究中，评估了 BPA 对生活史参数（如死亡率、生长和繁殖）以及免疫的影响，研究对象为赤子爱胜蚓和威廉环毛蚓。通过改良的 OECD 人工土壤测试评估了亚致死浓度。在前两周，随着 BPA 浓度的增加，生长速度下降，而接下来的两周则相反，尽管这些差异仅在最高浓度时才有显著意义。繁殖特征仅在 E. fetida 中存在显著差异，因为在较高浓度下，幼体数量减少，因此在这两个物种中表现出不同的敏感性。通过使用接触测试，表明与 BPA 直接接触的潜在有害影响比在土壤（类似自然）条件下高得多。最后，结果表明 BPA 可能不会影响这些动物的免疫系统，至少在体腔细胞活力方面是这样。
