Calderón Díaz Julia Adriana, Boyle Laura Ann, Diana Alessia, Leonard Finola Catherine, Moriarty John Patrick, McElroy Máire Catríona, McGettrick Shane, Kelliher Denis, García Manzanilla Edgar
Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland.
Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Oct 1;146:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Jul 30.
The objective of this study was to investigate associations between early life indicators, lactation management factors and subsequent mortality, health, welfare and carcass traits of offspring. A total of 1016 pigs from a batch born during one week were used. During lactation, number of liveborn piglets, stillborn and mummies, sow parity, number of times cross-fostered, weaning age, birth and weaning body weight (BW) were collected. Mortality was recorded throughout the offspring production cycle. Prior to slaughter, pigs were scored for lameness (1=non-lame to 3=severely lame). At slaughter, tail lesions were scored (0=no lesion to 4=severe lesion) and cold carcass weight (CCW), lean meat%, presence of pericarditis and heart condemnations were recorded. Additionally, lungs were scored for pleurisy (0=no lesions to 4=severely extended lesions) and enzootic pneumonia (EP) like lesions. There was an increased risk of lameness prior to slaughter for pigs born to first parity sows (P<0.05) compared with pigs born to older sows. Sow parity was a source of variation for cold carcass weight (P<0.05) and lean meat% (P<0.05). Pigs born in litters with more liveborn pigs were at greater risk of death and to be lame prior to slaughter (P<0.05). Pigs that were cross-fostered once were 11.69 times, and those that were cross-fostered ≥2 times were 7.28, times more likely to die compared with pigs that were not cross-fostered (P<0.05). Further, pigs that were cross-fostered once were at greater risk of pericarditis and heart condemnations compared with pigs that were not cross-fostered (P<0.05). Pigs with a birth BW of <0.95kg were at higher mortality risk throughout the production cycle. There was an increased risk of lameness, pleurisy, pericarditis and heart condemnations (P<0.05) for pigs with lower weaning weights. Additionally, heavier pigs at weaning also had higher carcass weights (P<0.05). There was an increased risk of lameness for pigs weaned at a younger age (P<0.05). Males were 2.27 times less likely to receive a score of zero for tail biting compared with female pigs. Results from this study highlight the complex relationship between management, performance and disease in pigs. They confirm that special attention should be given to lighter weight pigs and pigs born to first parity sows and that cross-fostering should be minimised.
本研究的目的是调查早期生活指标、泌乳管理因素与后代随后的死亡率、健康、福利和胴体性状之间的关联。使用了同一周内出生的一批共1016头仔猪。在泌乳期间，收集活产仔猪数量、死产和木乃伊数量、母猪胎次、寄养次数、断奶年龄、出生和断奶体重（BW）。记录整个后代生产周期的死亡率。屠宰前，对猪的跛行情况进行评分（1=无跛行至3=严重跛行）。屠宰时，对尾巴损伤进行评分（0=无损伤至4=严重损伤），并记录冷胴体重（CCW）、瘦肉率、心包炎和心脏不合格情况。此外，对肺部的胸膜炎（0=无病变至4=严重扩展病变）和地方性肺炎（EP）样病变进行评分。与经产母猪所生的猪相比，初产母猪所生的猪在屠宰前跛行风险增加（P<0.05）。母猪胎次是冷胴体重（P<0.05）和瘦肉率（P<0.05）的变异来源。出生时同窝活产仔猪较多的猪在屠宰前死亡和跛行的风险更大（P<0.05）。与未寄养的猪相比，寄养一次的猪死亡可能性高11.69倍，寄养≥2次的猪死亡可能性高7.28倍（P<0.05）。此外，与未寄养的猪相比，寄养一次的猪患心包炎和心脏不合格的风险更大（P<0.05）。出生体重<0.95kg的猪在整个生产周期的死亡风险更高。断奶体重较低的猪跛行、胸膜炎、心包炎和心脏不合格的风险增加（P<0.05）。此外，断奶时体重较重的猪胴体重也更高（P<0.05）。断奶年龄较小的猪跛行风险增加（P<0.05）。与母猪相比，公猪尾巴咬伤评分为零的可能性低2.27倍。本研究结果突出了猪的管理、性能和疾病之间的复杂关系。它们证实应特别关注体重较轻以及初产母猪所生的猪，并应尽量减少寄养。
