Jurburg Stephanie D, Nunes Inês, Brejnrod Asker, Jacquiod Samuel, Priemé Anders, Sørensen Søren J, Van Elsas Jan Dirk, Salles Joana F
Microbial Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.
Bioinformatics group, Bioveterinary Institute, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 25;8:1832. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01832. eCollection 2017.
The type and frequency of disturbances experienced by soil microbiomes is expected to increase given predicted global climate change scenarios and intensified anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems. While the direct effect of multiple disturbances to soil microbes has been explored in terms of function, their effect on the recovery of microbial community composition remains unclear. Here, we used soil microcosm experiments and multiple model disturbances to explore their short-term effect on the recovery of soil microbiota after identical or novel stresses. Soil microcosms were exposed to a heat shock to create an initial effect. Upon initial community recovery (25 days after stress), they were subjected to a second stress, either a heat or a cold shock, and they were monitored for additional 25 days. To carefully verify the bacterial response to the disturbances, we monitored changes in community composition throughout the experiment using 16S rRNA gene transcript amplicon sequencing. The application of a heat shock to soils with or without the initial heat shock resulted in similar successional dynamics, but these dynamics were faster in soils with a prior heat shock. The application of a cold shock had negligible effects on previously undisturbed soils but, in combination with an initial heat shock, caused the largest shift in the community composition. Our findings show that compounded perturbation affects bacterial community recovery by altering community structure and thus, the community's response during succession. By altering dominance patterns, disturbance legacy affects the microbiome's ability to recover from further perturbation within the 25 days studied. Our results highlight the need to consider the soil's disturbance history in the development of soil management practices in order to maintain the system's resilience.
鉴于预测的全球气候变化情景以及生态系统面临的人为压力加剧，土壤微生物群落所经历的干扰类型和频率预计将会增加。虽然已经从功能方面探讨了多种干扰对土壤微生物的直接影响，但其对微生物群落组成恢复的影响仍不明确。在此，我们通过土壤微观实验和多种模拟干扰，来探究它们在相同或新的压力之后对土壤微生物群恢复的短期影响。土壤微观样本先接受热激以产生初始影响。在初始群落恢复后（压力施加25天后），再对其施加第二次压力，热激或冷激，并持续监测25天。为了仔细验证细菌对干扰的反应，我们在整个实验过程中使用16S rRNA基因转录本扩增子测序来监测群落组成的变化。对有或没有初始热激的土壤施加热激会导致相似的演替动态，但在有先前热激的土壤中这些动态变化更快。对先前未受干扰的土壤施加冷激影响可忽略不计，但与初始热激相结合时，会导致群落组成发生最大变化。我们的研究结果表明，复合扰动通过改变群落结构进而影响细菌群落的恢复，因此也影响了演替过程中群落的反应。通过改变优势模式，干扰遗留效应影响了微生物群落在研究的25天内从进一步扰动中恢复的能力。我们的结果强调，在制定土壤管理措施时需要考虑土壤的干扰历史，以维持系统的恢复力。
