Psychosoziales Zentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychopathology. 2017;50(6):379-388. doi: 10.1159/000479883. Epub 2017 Oct 11.
The psychopathological condition of Robert Schumann has been a prominent object of study in psychiatry since his hospitalization in 1854. Renowned psychiatrists have diagnosed Schumann with syphilis, schizophrenia, and bipolar and personality disorders. Until today, these analyses of his symptomatology have led to contradictory results. Recent discussion has suggested that his hospitalization was due to professional failure and separation wishes on the part of his wife, her family, and her friends. In line with this hypothesis is the opinion that the separation insisted upon by Clara Schumann was reinforced by the economic interests of the psychiatrist who kept Schumann in custody for 2 years until his death in 1856. In this article, we trace the complex interaction of bipolar vulnerability and pathogenic life events with hypersensitive talent and "creative bipolarity," defined as the capacity, motivation, and resilience to transform emotional stress and cognitive inconsistency into coherent artistic products. Finally, we present our conclusions about comprehensive psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatment with respect to "creative bipolarity."
罗伯特·舒曼的精神病理学状况自 1854 年他住院以来一直是精神病学研究的突出对象。著名的精神病学家将舒曼诊断为梅毒、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和人格障碍。直到今天，对他症状的这些分析导致了相互矛盾的结果。最近的讨论表明，他的住院是由于职业失败和他的妻子、她的家人和她的朋友的分离愿望。与这一假设一致的是，克拉拉·舒曼坚持要与她的丈夫分开，而这种坚持得到了将舒曼监禁 2 年直到他于 1856 年去世的精神病医生的经济利益的支持。在本文中，我们追溯了双相情感脆弱性和致病生活事件与敏感天赋和“创造性双相情感障碍”之间的复杂相互作用，后者被定义为将情绪压力和认知不一致转化为连贯的艺术作品的能力、动机和适应力。最后，我们就“创造性双相情感障碍”提出了我们对全面精神病学和心理治疗的结论。
