Hanson Marta
Johns Hopkins UniversityE-mail:
Sci Context. 2017 Sep;30(3):219-280. doi: 10.1017/S0269889717000205.
Argument This article analyzes for the first time the earliest western maps of diseases in China spanning fifty years from the late 1870s to the end of the 1920s. The 24 featured disease maps present a visual history of the major transformations in modern medicine from medical geography to laboratory medicine wrought on Chinese soil. These medical transformations occurred within new political formations from the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) to colonialism in East Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Manchuria, Korea) and hypercolonialism within China (Tianjin, Shanghai, Amoy) as well as the new Republican Chinese nation state (1912-49). As a subgenre of persuasive graphics, physicians marshaled disease maps for various rhetorical functions within these different political contexts. Disease maps in China changed from being mostly analytical tools to functioning as tools of empire, national sovereignty, and public health propaganda legitimating new medical concepts, public health interventions, and political structures governing over human and non-human populations.
论点 本文首次分析了从19世纪70年代末到20世纪20年代末这五十年间最早的关于中国疾病的西方地图。这24幅特色疾病地图呈现了现代医学在中国土地上从医学地理学到实验医学的重大变革的视觉历史。这些医学变革发生在新的政治格局之中，从清朝（1644 - 1911年）到东亚的殖民主义（香港、台湾、满洲、朝鲜）以及中国境内的超殖民主义（天津、上海、厦门），还有新的中华民国（1912 - 1949年）。作为有说服力的图形的一个子类型，医生们在这些不同的政治背景下将疾病地图用于各种修辞功能。中国的疾病地图从主要是分析工具转变为帝国、国家主权和公共卫生宣传的工具，使新的医学概念、公共卫生干预措施以及管理人类和非人类群体的政治结构合法化。
