CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, Acton, ACT, Australia.
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 11;12(10):e0185379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185379. eCollection 2017.
Accurate fossil identification has become increasingly relevant with the widespread use of phylogenetic divergence time estimation methods, which rely on fossil data to determine clade hard-minimum ages. Here we revise, diagnose and illustrate known spider wasp (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) fossil species and place them within the latest Pompilidae phylogenetic hypothesis. Ceropalites infelix Cockerell, from the Florissant Fossil Beds (Priabonian), is no longer recognized as Pompilidae, but as Aulacidae. Agenioideus saxigenus (Cockerell) comb. nov., Deuteragenia wettweri (Statz) comb. nov., Caputelus scudderi (Cockerell, 1906) comb. nov., Pepsinites avitula (Cockerell, 1941) comb. nov., Pepsinites contentus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov., Pepsinites florissantensis (Cockerell, 1906) comb. nov., Pepsinites laminarum (Rohwer, 1909) comb. nov., Pepsinites scelerosus (Meunier, 1919) comb. nov., Pepsinites cockerellae (Rohwer, 1909) comb. nov., Pompilinites coquandi (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov., Pompilinites depressus (Statz, 1936) comb. nov., Pompilites incertus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov., Pompilites induratus (Heer, 1849) comb. nov., Pompilites fasciatus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov., and Pompilites senex comb. nov. are new combinations. Twenty-three fossil species of spider wasps are now recognized in 13 genera. Four new genera are proposed: Caputelus Waichert & Pitts gen. nov., Pompilites Rodriguez gen. nov., Pompilinites Rodriguez & Waichert gen. nov., and Pepsinites Rodriguez & Waichert gen. nov., of which the three latter are collective-group names for fossils with taxonomic uncertainty. One species of fossil spider wasp is described: Deuteragenia catalunyia Rodriguez, Waichert & Pitts sp. nov., from the Bellver deposits in Catalonia, Spain. Five of the 23 known species can be used to determine hard-minimum age for calibrations of genera stem-groups (Agenioideus, Anoplius, Cryptocheilus, Deuteragenia, Priocnemis). The fossil belonging to the stem-group of the tribe Ageniellini (Chubutholites) is not recommended for calibration because of the high uncertainty in its age and taxonomy. The remaining taxa can be assigned to the lineage comprising Pompilinae + Pepsinae (12 species) or crown-group Pompilidae (four species).
准确的化石鉴定随着系统发育分歧时间估计方法的广泛应用变得越来越重要，这些方法依赖于化石数据来确定进化枝的最小硬年代。在这里，我们修订、诊断和说明了已知的蜘蛛蜂（膜翅目：Pompilidae）化石物种，并将其置于最新的 Pompilidae 系统发育假设中。来自弗洛里桑特化石床（Priabonian）的 Ceropalites infelix Cockerell 不再被认为是 Pompilidae，而是 Aulacidae。Agenioideus saxigenus (Cockerell) comb. nov.、Deuteragenia wettweri (Statz) comb. nov.、Caputelus scudderi (Cockerell, 1906) comb. nov.、Pepsinites avitula (Cockerell, 1941) comb. nov.、Pepsinites contentus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov.、Pepsinites florissantensis (Cockerell, 1906) comb. nov.、Pepsinites laminarum (Rohwer, 1909) comb. nov.、Pepsinites scelerosus (Meunier, 1919) comb. nov.、Pepsinites cockerellae (Rohwer, 1909) comb. nov.、Pompilinites coquandi (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov.、Pompilinites depressus (Statz, 1936) comb. nov.、Pompilites incertus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov.、Pompilites induratus (Heer, 1849) comb. nov.、Pompilites fasciatus (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov.和 Pompilites senex comb. nov. 是新的组合。现在在 13 个属中识别出 23 种蜘蛛蜂化石。提出了四个新属：Caputelus Waichert & Pitts gen. nov.、Pompilites Rodriguez gen. nov.、Pompilinites Rodriguez & Waichert gen. nov.和 Pepsinites Rodriguez & Waichert gen. nov.，其中后三个是具有分类不确定性的化石的集合群名。描述了一种化石蜘蛛蜂：Deuteragenia catalunyia Rodriguez, Waichert & Pitts sp. nov.，来自西班牙加泰罗尼亚的贝尔弗尔矿床。23 种已知物种中的 5 种可用于确定属茎群的硬最小年龄（Agenioideus、Anoplius、Cryptocheilus、Deuteragenia、Priocnemis）。属于 Ageniellini 部落（Chubutholites）茎群的化石不建议用于校准，因为其年龄和分类学存在高度不确定性。其余的类群可以归入包含 Pompilinae + Pepsinae（12 种）或冠群 Pompilidae（4 种）的谱系。
