Skartveit John, Nel André
NLA University College Bergen, P.O. Box 74 Sandviken, N-5812 Bergen, Norway..
Zootaxa. 2017 Jan 23;4225(1):zootaxa.4225.1.1. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4225.1.1.
All available material of fossil Bibionidae from French Oligocene localities, including the German locality of Kleinkembs right next to the border with France, is revised, and the species redescribed. Several publications (notably Heer 1856, Oustalet 1870 and Théobald 1937) have dealt with this material but there is a large degree of duplication leading to numerous synonyms. In addition, many of the named species have been assigned to the wrong genus. We have found seven species of Penthetria, eleven species of Plecia, seven species of Bibio and a single species of Dilophus in the material of previously named species. Three new species, Penthetria luberonica sp. n., Bibio aquaesextiae sp. n. and Bibiodes provincialis sp. n. are described from French Oligocene localities. The following new combinations are proposed: Penthetria claripennis (Théobald, 1937), Penthetria gigantea (Théobald, 1937), Penthetria graciliventris (Théobald, 1937), Penthetria longiventris (Théobald, 1937), Penthetria nervisinuata (Théobald, 1937), Penthetria subterranea (Théobald, 1937), Plecia morio (Heer, 1849), Bibio major (Oustalet, 1870), Dilophus luteipennis (Théobald, 1937). Many of the species occur from several outcrops, and distinctive faunas can be recognized from Early Oligocene (e.g., Célas and Monteils), Middle Oligocene (e.g., Céreste and Bois d'Asson) and Late Oligocene (e.g. Aix-en-Provence and the German outcrop of Rott). The late Oligocene localities also share some species with the Early Miocene locality of Radoboj, Croatia, but none with the younger locality of Öhningen, Southern Germany. For a number of named species, the type material is poorly preserved and cannot be recognized at the species level, these are commented on and assigned to the lowest taxonomical level to which they can be identified with certainty. The type materials of a number of species appear to be lost; these are placed to genera to the extent that this is possible from the original descriptions and illustrations. Bibio nigripennis Théobald, 1937, nec Brunetti, 1913 is a primary junior homonym and the name must be replaced. The species is moved to the genus Plecia and renamed Plecia theobaldi nom.n.
对来自法国渐新世地区的所有可用化石大蚊科材料进行了修订，包括紧邻法国边境的德国克莱因肯布斯地区的材料，并对物种进行了重新描述。已有几篇文献（特别是黑尔1856年、奥斯特莱特1870年和西奥博尔德1937年的文献）涉及这些材料，但存在大量重复，导致出现众多同义词。此外，许多已命名的物种被归入了错误的属。在先前命名的物种材料中，我们发现了7种五斑大蚊属、11种褶大蚊属、7种大蚊属和1种双角大蚊属。从法国渐新世地区描述了3个新物种，即卢贝罗尼卡五斑大蚊、阿夸塞克提亚大蚊和普罗旺斯大蚊属。提出了以下新组合：克莱里彭尼斯五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、巨型五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、细腹五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、长腹五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、具脉凹五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、地下五斑大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）、莫里奥褶大蚊（黑尔，1849年）、大形大蚊（奥斯特莱特，1870年）、黄翅双角大蚊（西奥博尔德，1937年）。许多物种出现在多个露头，并且可以从早渐新世（如塞拉斯和蒙泰伊）、中渐新世（如塞雷斯特和布瓦松）和晚渐新世（如普罗旺斯地区艾克斯和德国罗特的露头）识别出独特的动物群。晚渐新世地区也与克罗地亚拉多博伊的早中新世地区有一些共同物种，但与德国南部较年轻的奥宁根地区没有共同物种。对于一些已命名的物种，模式材料保存不佳，无法在物种层面识别，对此进行了评论并将它们归入可以确定识别的最低分类级别。一些物种的模式材料似乎已经丢失；根据原始描述和插图，尽可能将它们归入属。1937年的西奥博尔德黑翅大蚊，非1913年的布鲁内蒂，是一个首要的次同物异名，该名称必须替换。该物种被移至褶大蚊属，并重新命名为西奥博尔德褶大蚊。
