1 Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP). The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
2 Genomics and Systems Biology, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545.
Benef Microbes. 2018 Jan 29;9(1):71-86. doi: 10.3920/BM2016.0225. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
We developed a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model colonised with defined commensal microbiota (DMF) to provide a simplified and controlled system to study the interactions between intestinal commensals, antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, CIP), probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, EcN) and virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV). The DMF included seven gut commensal species of porcine origin that mimic the predominant species in the infant gut. Gn piglets were divided into four groups: DMF control (non-treated), DMF+CIP (CIP treated), DMF+CIP+EcN (CIP/EcN treated), DMF+EcN (EcN treated) and inoculated orally with 10 cfu of each DMF strain. The pig gut was successfully colonised by all DMF species and established a simplified bacterial community by post-bacteria colonisation day (PBCD) 14/post-VirHRV challenge day (PCD) 0. Overall, Bifidobacterium adolescentis was commonly observed in faeces in all groups and time points. At PCD0, after six days of CIP treatment (DMF+CIP), we observed significantly decreased aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts especially in jejunum (P<0.001), where no DMF species were detected in jejunum by T-RFLP. Following HRV challenge, 100% of pigs in DMF+CIP group developed diarrhoea with higher diarrhoea scores and duration as compared to all other groups. However, only 33% of pigs treated with EcN plus CIP developed diarrhoea. EcN treatment also enhanced the bacterial diversity and all seven DMF species were detected with a higher proportion of Bifidobacterium longum in jejunum in the DMF+CIP+EcN group on PBCD14/PCD0. Our results suggest that EcN increased the proportion of B. longum especially in jejunum and mitigated adverse impacts of antibiotic use during acute-infectious diarrhoea. The DMF model with a simplified gut commensal community can further our knowledge of how commensals and probiotics promote intestinal homeostasis and contribute to host health.
我们开发了一种定植有特定共生菌群（DMF）的无菌（Gn）猪模型，为研究肠道共生体、抗生素（环丙沙星，CIP）、益生菌（大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917，EcN）和强毒人轮状病毒（VirHRV）之间的相互作用提供了一个简化和可控的系统。DMF 包括七种源自猪的肠道共生物种，这些物种模拟了婴儿肠道中的主要物种。Gn 仔猪被分为四组：DMF 对照组（未处理）、DMF+CIP（CIP 处理）、DMF+CIP+EcN（CIP/EcN 处理）、DMF+EcN（EcN 处理），并口服接种每种 DMF 菌株 10 cfu。所有 DMF 物种均成功定植于猪肠道，并在定植后第 14 天（PBCD）/轮状病毒挑战后第 0 天（PCD）建立了一个简化的细菌群落。总体而言，双歧杆菌 adolescentis 在所有组和时间点的粪便中均普遍存在。在 PCD0 时，经过六天 CIP 处理（DMF+CIP）后，我们观察到肠道内需氧菌和厌氧菌数量明显减少，尤其是在空肠（P<0.001），空肠中未检测到任何 DMF 物种通过 T-RFLP。感染 HRV 后，100%的 DMF+CIP 组猪出现腹泻，腹泻评分和持续时间均高于其他所有组。然而，只有 33%的 CIP+EcN 处理猪出现腹泻。EcN 处理还增强了细菌多样性，在 DMF+CIP+EcN 组的 PBCD14/PCD0 时，检测到所有七种 DMF 物种，空肠中双歧杆菌 longum 的比例更高。我们的结果表明，EcN 增加了双歧杆菌 longum 的比例，尤其是在空肠中，并减轻了抗生素在急性感染性腹泻期间的不良影响。具有简化肠道共生群落的 DMF 模型可以进一步了解共生体和益生菌如何促进肠道内稳态并促进宿主健康。
