Steptoe Andrew, Wardle Jane, Vinck Jan, Tuomisto Martti, Holte Arne, Wichstrøm Lars
a Department of Psychology , St. George's Hospital Medical School , Cranmer Terrace , London , SW17 ORE , UK.
b Imperial Cancer Research Fund Health Behaviour Unit , Institute of Psychiatry , De Crespigny Park , London , SE5 8AF , UK.
Psychol Health. 1994 Jul;9(5):331-343. doi: 10.1080/08870449408407492.
The relationship between healthy lifestyle and personality and attitudinal variables was analyzed with data collected from 809 men and 996 women aged 18-30 years in England, Belgium, Finland and Norway as part of the European Health and Behaviour Survey. A health practices index was constructed on the basis of performance of sixteen behaviours including smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, sleep time and a variety of dietary and preventive practices. Scores on the health practices index were higher in women than men, but in both sexes the index was normally distributed. Consistently healthy practices were positively correlated with extraversion and optimism, and negatively associated with neuroticism, psychoticism and chance locus of control beliefs. These effects were maintained after controlling for social desirability, but together accounted for only a modest proportion of the variance in the health practices index. The results are discussed in relation to the factors characterising health conscious and unhealthy lifestyles.
作为欧洲健康与行为调查的一部分，研究人员分析了健康生活方式与个性及态度变量之间的关系，数据收集自英格兰、比利时、芬兰和挪威的809名年龄在18至30岁之间的男性和996名女性。基于包括吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、睡眠时间以及各种饮食和预防行为在内的16种行为表现构建了一个健康行为指数。女性的健康行为指数得分高于男性，但在两性中该指数均呈正态分布。始终保持健康的行为与外向性和乐观主义呈正相关，与神经质、精神质以及机遇控制点信念呈负相关。在控制了社会期望性之后，这些影响依然存在，但它们共同仅占健康行为指数方差的一小部分。研究结果结合了健康意识和不健康生活方式的特征因素进行了讨论。
