S Said Raed, G Mustafa Ayman, A Asfour Hasan, I Shaqoura Emad
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jorda.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan Un iversity of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jorda.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2017;20(1):1-11. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.1.11.
Adult skeletal muscle is a post-mitotic terminally differentiated tissue that possesses an immense potential for regeneration after injury. This regeneration can be achieved by adult stem cells named satellite cells that inhabit the muscular tissue. These cells were first identified in 1961 and were described as being wedged between the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber and the surrounding basement membrane. Since their discovery, many researchers investigated their embryological origin and the exact role they play in muscle regeneration and repair. Under normal conditions, satellite cells are retained in a quiescent state and when required, these cells are activated to proliferate and differentiate to repair pre-existing muscle fibers or to a lesser extent fuse with each other to form new myofibers. During skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cell actions are regulated through a cascade of complex signaling pathways that are influenced by multiple extrinsic factors within the satellite cell micro-environment. Here, the basic concepts were studied about satellite cells, their development, function, distribution and the different cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these cells. The recent findings about some of their clinical applications and potential therapeutic use were also discussed.
成体骨骼肌是一种有丝分裂后终末分化的组织，在损伤后具有巨大的再生潜力。这种再生可由存在于肌肉组织中的名为卫星细胞的成体干细胞来实现。这些细胞于1961年首次被发现，并被描述为楔入肌纤维的质膜和周围基底膜之间。自发现以来，许多研究人员对其胚胎起源以及它们在肌肉再生和修复中所起的确切作用进行了研究。在正常情况下，卫星细胞保持静止状态，在需要时，这些细胞被激活以增殖和分化，从而修复已有的肌纤维，或者在较小程度上相互融合形成新的肌纤维。在骨骼肌再生过程中，卫星细胞的活动通过一系列复杂的信号通路来调节，这些信号通路受到卫星细胞微环境中多种外在因素的影响。在此，研究了关于卫星细胞的基本概念、它们的发育、功能、分布以及调节这些细胞的不同细胞和分子机制。还讨论了关于它们的一些临床应用和潜在治疗用途的最新发现。
