Satuti N H Niken, Sagi Mammed, Astuti Pudji
Department of Biological Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta,57126, Indonesia.
Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan Sekip, Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2016;19(2):89-94. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2016.89.94.
Cashew plant (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a crop producing cashew nut shell that contain phenolic compounds such as lacquer oil (cashew nut shell liquid) which can be used for many studies. This study was conducted to determine the potency of acute toxicity (LD50) of cashew nut shell extract on female albino Wistar rats using Weil method. Twenty rats used in this study. The rats was divided into five groups, each consist of four rats after acclimatization. Each group was given the extract of cashew nut shell orally (force-fed). The amount of cashew nut shell extract that were given to group I, II, III and IV were 2.5, 25, 250 and 2,500 mg kg-1 b.wt., respectively, while group V were given 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMCNa) solution. Clinical symptoms were observed 24 h after the administration of extract include behavioral changes i.e., licking, scratching, twitching, tremors, wrihing, reactivity to stimuli, cerebral and spinal reflexes, secretions, breath, skin, hair and death. Probit analysis using Weil method was used as an effective dose. The results showed that the potency for acute toxicity (LD50) of cashew nut shell extract was 2,018 mg kg-1 which classified as moderately toxic category. The administration of extract also causes behavioral changes in animal including passivity and mucus secretion. All doses of the extract did not affect the development body weight and the weight of organs (spleen, liver, heart, kidneys and lungs) in female rats.
腰果植株（腰果（Anacardium occidentale L.））是一种能产出腰果壳的作物，腰果壳含有酚类化合物，如漆油（腰果壳液），可用于多项研究。本研究采用威尔氏法测定腰果壳提取物对雌性白化Wistar大鼠的急性毒性（半数致死量，LD50）效力。本研究使用了20只大鼠。大鼠经适应性饲养后分为五组，每组四只。每组大鼠经口给予（灌喂）腰果壳提取物。给予第一组、第二组、第三组和第四组的腰果壳提取物剂量分别为2.5、25、250和2500毫克/千克体重，而第五组给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠（CMCNa）溶液。给药24小时后观察临床症状，包括行为变化，即舔舐、抓挠、抽搐、震颤、翻滚、对刺激的反应性、大脑和脊髓反射、分泌物、呼吸、皮肤、毛发以及死亡情况。采用威尔氏法进行概率分析以确定有效剂量。结果表明，腰果壳提取物的急性毒性效力（LD50）为2018毫克/千克体重，属于中等毒性类别。提取物给药还会导致动物出现行为变化，包括被动性和黏液分泌。所有剂量的提取物均未影响雌性大鼠的体重发育以及器官（脾脏、肝脏、心脏、肾脏和肺）重量。
