南非青少年死亡率的背景因素
Contextual determinants of adolescent mortality in South Africa.
作者信息
De Wet Nicole, Odimegwu Clifford
机构信息
Demography and Population Studies, University of the Witwatersrand.
出版信息
Afr Health Sci. 2017 Mar;17(1):62-69. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v17i1.9.
OBJECTIVES
South Africa has a large adolescent population (approximately 20% of the total population). The survival and development of these individuals are a priority among parents and the government. In an effort to better understand the factors contributing to adolescent mortality in South Africa, this study examined the effect of household and community factors on adolescent death.
METHODS
The study used data from Census 2001. Multilevel modelling was used to study the impact of community and household factors on adolescent mortality. A multivariate binary logistic 2-level model was developed. Odds ratios were produced and, statistically significant values (p<0.05) were discussed. There were 41,261 reported adolescent deaths from census data.
RESULTS
This study found that having a few household assets, six or more people living in a residence, and high racial diversity is associated with increased odds of adolescent mortality in South Africa in 2001.
CONCLUSIONS
Socio-economic status of the household and racial diversity within communities is likely to increase adolescent mortality in South Africa. However, there is need to examine the role of other community characteristics, such as number of schools, health facilities and employment opportunities in order to create a holistic profile of the contextual determinants of adolescent mortality in the country.
目标
南非青少年人口众多（约占总人口的20%）。这些人的生存与发展是家长和政府优先关注的事项。为了更好地了解导致南非青少年死亡的因素，本研究考察了家庭和社区因素对青少年死亡的影响。
方法
本研究使用了2001年人口普查的数据。采用多水平模型来研究社区和家庭因素对青少年死亡率的影响。构建了一个多变量二元逻辑二级模型。得出了优势比，并对具有统计学意义的值（p<0.05）进行了讨论。人口普查数据显示有41261例青少年死亡报告。
结果
本研究发现，拥有少量家庭资产、住所居住六人或以上以及种族多样性高与2001年南非青少年死亡几率增加有关。
结论
家庭的社会经济地位和社区内的种族多样性可能会增加南非青少年的死亡率。然而，有必要考察其他社区特征的作用，如学校数量、卫生设施和就业机会，以便全面了解该国青少年死亡的背景决定因素。
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