评估警察对影响注射吸毒人群中 HIV 传播行为的态度和法律知识。
Assessing police officers' attitudes and legal knowledge on behaviors that impact HIV transmission among people who inject drugs.
机构信息
University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, United States.
University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, United States.
出版信息
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Dec;50:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.009.
BACKGROUND
Policing practices such as syringe confiscation and arrest can act as important social-structural drivers of HIV risk among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, police referral to treatment and other services may improve the health of PWID. Little is known about the role of modifiable attitudinal and knowledge factors in shaping officer behavior. Using baseline findings from a police education program (PEP), we assessed relationships between drug policy knowledge and attitudes towards public health interventions with self-reported syringe confiscation, drug arrest, and service referral among street-level police in Tijuana, Mexico.
METHODS
Between February, 2015 and May, 2016 we surveyed 1319 police officers who reported syringe contact. The self-administered survey focused on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors related to drug policy, public health, and occupational safety. We used ordinal logistic regression to model the odds of syringe confiscation, arrest for heroin possession, and referring PWID to health/social programs.
RESULTS
The sample was mostly male (87%) and had at least a high school education (80%). In the last six months, a minority reported always/sometimes confiscating syringes (49%), arresting someone for heroin possession (43%), and referring PWID to health and social programs (37%). Those reporting needlestick injuries (NSI) had 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02-1.87) higher odds of reporting syringe confiscation. Officers who had favorable views on laws that treat addiction as a public health issue had lower odds (aOR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.59-1.03) of arresting PWID. Those agreeing that it was their role to refer PWID to health and social programs had higher odds of reporting such referrals (aOR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.52-4.37). Legal knowledge was not associated with these practices.
CONCLUSION
Changing drug policy and knowledge may be insufficient in shifting police behavior. Modifying officers' occupational risks and attitudes towards harm reduction interventions can facilitate efforts to align police practices with PWID health.
背景
收缴注射器和逮捕等警务措施可能是影响吸毒者（PWID）艾滋病毒风险的重要社会结构性因素。然而，警察将吸毒者转介至治疗和其他服务机构可能会改善他们的健康状况。目前，人们对改变态度和知识等可调节因素在塑造警察行为方面的作用知之甚少。利用警务教育计划（PEP）的基线调查结果，我们评估了药物政策知识和对公共卫生干预措施的态度与以下几方面之间的关系：在墨西哥蒂华纳街头警察中，自我报告的注射器收缴、毒品逮捕和转介情况。
方法
我们于 2015 年 2 月至 2016 年 5 月期间对 1319 名报告过注射器接触的警察进行了调查。该自我管理调查问卷主要集中在与毒品政策、公共卫生和职业安全相关的态度、知识和行为。我们使用有序逻辑回归模型来模拟注射器收缴、因持有海洛因被捕和将吸毒者转介至健康/社会项目的几率。
结果
该样本中大多数为男性（87%），至少接受过高中教育（80%）。在过去的六个月中，少数人报告说经常/有时会收缴注射器（49%）、逮捕因持有海洛因而被捕的人（43%）以及将吸毒者转介至健康和社会项目（37%）。报告针刺伤（NSI）的人报告注射器收缴的几率高 1.38 倍（95% CI：1.02-1.87）。对将成瘾视为公共卫生问题的法律持赞成态度的警察逮捕吸毒者的可能性较低（调整后的优势比[aOR]=0.78；95% CI：0.59-1.03）。那些同意他们有责任将吸毒者转介至健康和社会项目的人报告此类转介的可能性更高（调整后的优势比[aOR]：3.32，95% CI：2.52-4.37）。法律知识与这些做法无关。
结论
改变药物政策和知识可能不足以改变警察的行为。改变警察的职业风险和对减少伤害干预措施的态度可以促进警察的行为与吸毒者健康保持一致。
Zotero 插件