Balconi Michela, Vanutelli Maria E
Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Front Comput Neurosci. 2017 Sep 29;11:86. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00086. eCollection 2017.
Cooperation and competition, as two common and opposite examples of interpersonal dynamics, are thought to be reflected by different cognitive, neural, and behavioral patterns. According to the conventional approach, they have been explored by measuring subjects' reactions during individual performance or turn-based interactions in artificial settings, that don't allow on-line, ecological enactment of real-life social exchange. Considering the importance of these factors, and accounting for the complexity of such phenomena, the hyperscanning approach emerged as a multi-subject paradigm since it allows the simultaneous recording of the brain activity from multiple participants interacting. In this view, the present paper aimed at reviewing the most significant work about cooperation and competition by EEG hyperscanning technique, which proved to be a promising tool in capturing the sudden course of social interactions. In detail, the review will consider and group different experimental tasks that have been developed so far: (1) paradigms that used rhythm, music and motor synchronization; (2) card tasks taken from the Game Theory; (3) computerized tasks; and (4) possible real-life applications. Finally, although highlighting the potential contribution of such approach, some important limitations about these paradigms will be elucidated, with a specific focus on the emotional domain.
合作与竞争，作为人际互动中两个常见且相反的例子，被认为是由不同的认知、神经和行为模式所反映的。根据传统方法，人们通过测量个体在人工环境中单独表现或轮流互动时的反应来进行研究，而这些环境并不允许在线、自然地模拟现实生活中的社会交流。考虑到这些因素的重要性以及此类现象的复杂性，超扫描方法作为一种多主体范式应运而生，因为它允许同时记录多个相互作用参与者的大脑活动。从这个角度来看，本文旨在回顾利用脑电图超扫描技术在合作与竞争方面最重要的研究工作，该技术已被证明是捕捉社会互动突发过程的一种很有前景的工具。具体而言，本综述将考虑并对迄今为止已开发的不同实验任务进行分类：（1）使用节奏、音乐和运动同步的范式；（2）源自博弈论的纸牌任务；（3）计算机化任务；以及（4）可能的现实生活应用。最后，尽管强调了这种方法的潜在贡献，但也将阐明这些范式的一些重要局限性，特别关注情感领域。
