Cachada A, Coelho C, Gavina A, Dias A C, Patinha C, Reis A P, da Silva E Ferreira, Duarte A C, Pereira R
CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;191:196-203. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.013. Epub 2017 Oct 7.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a global problem, and in urban soils they can be found at potentially hazard levels. Nevertheless, the real risks that these contaminants pose to the environment are not well known, since the bioavailability of PAHs in urban soils has been poorly studied. Therefore, the bioavailability of PAHs in some selected urban soils from Lisbon (Portugal) was evaluated. Moreover, the applicability of a first screening phase based on total contents of PAHs was assessed. Results show that bioavailability of PAHs is reduced (low levels in earthworms, low accumulation percentages, and low biota-to-soil accumulation factors values), especially in more contaminated soils. The aging of these compounds explains this low availability, and confirms the generally accepted assumption that accumulation of PAHs in urban areas is mostly related with a long-term deposition of contaminated particles. The comparison of measured PAHs concentrations in earthworm tissues with the ones predicted based on theoretical models, reinforce that risks based on total levels are overestimated, but it can be a good initial approach for urban soils. This study also highlights the need of more reliable ecotoxicological data.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一个全球性问题，在城市土壤中它们可能处于潜在危险水平。然而，这些污染物对环境构成的实际风险尚不为人所知，因为城市土壤中多环芳烃的生物可利用性研究甚少。因此，对葡萄牙里斯本一些选定城市土壤中多环芳烃的生物可利用性进行了评估。此外，还评估了基于多环芳烃总含量的初步筛选阶段的适用性。结果表明，多环芳烃的生物可利用性降低（蚯蚓体内含量低、累积百分比低以及生物群-土壤累积因子值低），尤其是在污染更严重的土壤中。这些化合物的老化解释了这种低可利用性，并证实了普遍接受的假设，即城市地区多环芳烃的积累主要与受污染颗粒的长期沉积有关。将蚯蚓组织中多环芳烃的实测浓度与基于理论模型预测的浓度进行比较，进一步表明基于总含量的风险被高估了，但对于城市土壤而言，这可能是一个不错的初步方法。这项研究还强调了需要更可靠的生态毒理学数据。
