Esmaelzadeh Saeieh Sara, Rahimzadeh Mitra, Yazdkhasti Mansooreh, Torkashvand Shoukofeh
Social Determinations of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017 Oct;5(4):408-416.
Developing maternal competence in first time mothers has a significant impact on neonate's growth psychosocial development and neonates growth and psychological development. Social support can be an important element for becoming a new mother. We aimed to investigate how social support and maternal competence change during pregnancy and 4 months after it and examine the relationships among social support and maternal competence.
This longitudinal study was conducted on 100 first time mothers attending health centers in Alborz city, Alborz Province, between February 2015 and January 2016. Data were collected through perceived social support questionnaire that consisted of 12 questions and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale consisting of 17 items scored based on Likert's scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 16. Repeated-measure test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Maternal competence significantly reduced during the study (P=0.008), while perceived social support did not show any significant reduction (P=0.286). A direct relationship was found between social support and maternal competent six weeks after childbirth (r=0.19, P=0.049), and also social support and maternal competence sixteen weeks after childbirth (r=0.23, P=0.01).
Considering the reduction of maternal competency during the study, social support by healthcare providers may be helpful for the mothers' transition to motherhood, and midwives must design specific interventions to promote the sense of maternal competence and perceived social support in first time mothers.
初产妇母性能力的发展对新生儿的生长、心理社会发展具有重大影响。社会支持可能是成为新母亲的一个重要因素。我们旨在调查孕期及产后4个月期间社会支持和母性能力如何变化，并检验社会支持与母性能力之间的关系。
这项纵向研究于2015年2月至2016年1月在阿尔伯兹省阿尔伯兹市的保健中心对100名初产妇进行。数据通过由12个问题组成的领悟社会支持问卷和由17个项目组成的育儿胜任感量表收集，这些项目根据李克特量表评分。收集的数据使用SPSS 16.0软件进行分析。采用重复测量检验和皮尔逊相关系数。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在研究期间，母性能力显著降低（P=0.008），而领悟社会支持没有显示出任何显著降低（P=0.286）。产后六周时社会支持与母性能力之间存在直接关系（r=0.19，P=0.049），产后十六周时社会支持与母性能力之间也存在直接关系（r=0.23，P=0.01）。
考虑到研究期间母性能力的降低，医疗保健提供者提供的社会支持可能有助于母亲向母亲角色的转变，助产士必须设计具体干预措施以促进初产妇的母性胜任感和领悟社会支持。
