Unitat de Fisiologia Mèdica, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av Can Domènech, Edifici M, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
Eur J Neurosci. 2017 Dec;46(12):2885-2892. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13739. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
After peripheral nerve injury, there are important changes at the spinal level that can lead to disorganization of the central circuitry and thus compromise functional recovery even if axons are able to successfully regenerate and reinnervate their target organs. Physical rehabilitation is a promising strategy to modulate these plastic changes and thus to improve functional recovery after the damage of the nervous system. Forced exercise in a treadmill is able to partially reverse the synaptic stripping and the loss of perineuronal nets that motoneurons suffer after peripheral nerve injury in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate whether passive exercise, by means of cycling in a motorized bicycle, or voluntary free running in a wheel is able to mimic the effects induced by forced exercise on the changes that axotomized motoneurons suffer after peripheral nerve injury. Partial preservation of synapses and perineuronal nets was observed only in axotomized motoneurons from animals subjected to high-intensity cycling and the ones that freely ran long distances, but not when low-intensity exercise protocols were applied. Therefore, the intensity but not the type of exercise used is the key element to prevent synaptic stripping and loss of perineuronal nets in motoneurons after axotomy.
周围神经损伤后，脊髓水平会发生重要变化，导致中枢回路的紊乱，从而即使轴突能够成功再生并重新支配其靶器官，也会损害功能恢复。物理康复是一种很有前途的策略，可以调节这些可塑性变化，从而改善神经系统损伤后的功能恢复。在跑步机上进行强制运动，能够部分逆转动物模型中周围神经损伤后运动神经元经历的突触剥夺和周围神经网丧失。本研究旨在探讨被动运动（通过电动自行车骑行）或自由转轮跑步是否能够模拟强制运动对周围神经损伤后轴突切断运动神经元所经历的变化的诱导作用。仅在接受高强度骑行和远距离自由奔跑的动物的轴突切断运动神经元中观察到突触和周围神经网的部分保留，而在应用低强度运动方案时则没有观察到。因此，运动的强度而非类型是防止轴突切断后运动神经元突触剥夺和周围神经网丧失的关键因素。
