Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Eur J Neurosci. 2017 Dec;46(11):2684-2701. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13738. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
To understand how the information derived from different motor cortical areas representing different body parts is organized in the basal ganglia, we examined the neuronal responses in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus (input, relay and output nuclei, respectively) to stimulation of the orofacial, forelimb and hindlimb regions of the primary motor cortex (MI) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in macaque monkeys under the awake state. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons responded exclusively to stimulation of either the MI or SMA, and one-fourth to one-third of neurons responded to both. STN neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were located along the medial-lateral axis in the posterolateral STN, while neurons responding to the orofacial region of the SMA were located more medially than the others in the anteromedial STN. GPe/GPi neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were found along the dorsal-ventral axis in the posterolateral GPe/GPi, and neurons responding to the corresponding regions of the SMA were similarly but less clearly distributed in more anteromedial regions. Moreover, neurons responding to the distal and proximal forelimb MI regions were found along the lateral-medial axis in the STN and the ventral-dorsal axis in the GPe/GPi. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons showed kinaesthetic responses with similar somatotopic maps. These observations suggest that the somatotopically organized inputs from the MI and SMA are well preserved in the STN and GPe/GPi with partial convergence.
为了理解代表不同身体部位的不同运动皮质区域的信息是如何在基底神经节中组织的，我们在清醒状态下检查了猕猴初级运动皮质（MI）和补充运动区（SMA）的口面、前肢和后肢区域刺激时，丘脑底核（STN）以及苍白球的外部（GPe）和内部（GPi）节段（分别为输入、中继和输出核）的神经元反应。大多数 STN 和 GPe/GPi 神经元仅对 MI 或 SMA 的刺激有反应，四分之一到三分之一的神经元对两者都有反应。对 MI 的后肢、前肢和口面区域有反应的 STN 神经元位于后外侧 STN 的内侧-外侧轴线上，而对 SMA 的口面区域有反应的神经元位于前内侧 STN 中比其他神经元更内侧的位置。对 MI 的后肢、前肢和口面区域有反应的 GPe/GPi 神经元位于后外侧 GPe/GPi 的背-腹轴线上，而对 SMA 的对应区域有反应的神经元在更前内侧的区域以类似但不太明显的方式分布。此外，对 MI 的远侧和近侧前肢区域有反应的神经元位于 STN 的外侧-内侧轴线上和 GPe/GPi 的腹-背轴线上。大多数 STN 和 GPe/GPi 神经元表现出具有相似躯体定位图的运动觉反应。这些观察结果表明，来自 MI 和 SMA 的躯体定位输入在 STN 和 GPe/GPi 中得到了很好的保留，具有部分会聚。
