Zhang Weicheng, Xiao Bangding, Fang Tao
Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;191:324-334. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.016. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been inevitably introduced into ecological environment during their extensive applications in daily human life. Thermodynamically, Ag NPs are unstable and transform into other species under various aqueous conditions. Ag NPs and their transformation products pose potential threats to environment and humans. However, the complex environmental conditions and transformations of Ag NPs complicate their human health and environmental risk assessment. To bridge the knowledge gap, four essential environmental transformations, oxidative dissolution, sulfidation, chlorination and photoreduction, of Ag NPs are reviewed herein. The mechanism, morphology and size change, as well as the toxicity of Ag NPs during these transformations under certain aqueous conditions are detailed. In particular, these environmental transformations have shown strong correlations that are discussed. The transformation, fate, bioavailability, morphology and toxicity of Ag NPs are critical factors and should be considered in a complete human health and environmental risk assessment of Ag NPs. The fluctuation of these factors in the realistic environment is also vital and should be considered.
银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）在人类日常生活中的广泛应用过程中不可避免地进入了生态环境。从热力学角度来看，Ag NPs不稳定，在各种水环境条件下会转化为其他物质。Ag NPs及其转化产物对环境和人类构成潜在威胁。然而，Ag NPs复杂的环境条件和转化过程使其对人类健康和环境的风险评估变得复杂。为了填补这一知识空白，本文综述了Ag NPs的四种基本环境转化过程，即氧化溶解、硫化、氯化和光还原。详细阐述了在特定水环境条件下这些转化过程中Ag NPs的机制、形态和尺寸变化以及毒性。特别地，讨论了这些环境转化过程之间显示出的强相关性。Ag NPs的转化、归宿、生物可利用性、形态和毒性是关键因素，在对Ag NPs进行全面的人类健康和环境风险评估时应予以考虑。这些因素在现实环境中的波动也至关重要，也应予以考虑。
