2005 - 2016年创伤性脑损伤相关法律实施前后高中运动员的新发和复发性脑震荡情况
New and Recurrent Concussions in High-School Athletes Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury Laws, 2005-2016.
作者信息
Yang Jingzhen, Comstock R Dawn, Yi Honggang, Harvey Hosea H, Xun Pengcheng
机构信息
Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2017 Dec;107(12):1916-1922. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304056. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the trends of new and recurrent sports-related concussions in high-school athletes before and after youth sports traumatic brain injury laws.
METHODS
We used an interrupted time-series design and analyzed the concussion data (2005-2016) from High School Reporting Injury Online. We examined the trends of new or recurrent concussion rates among US representative high-school athletes participating in 9 sports across prelaw, immediate-postlaw, and postlaw periods by using general linear models. We defined 1 athlete exposure as attending 1 competition or practice.
RESULTS
We included a total of 8043 reported concussions (88.7% new, 11.3% recurrent). The average annual concussion rate was 39.8 per 100 000 athlete exposures. We observed significantly increased trends of reported new and recurrent concussions from the prelaw, through immediate-postlaw, into the postlaw period. However, the recurrent concussion rate showed a significant decline 2.6 years after the laws went into effect. Football exhibited different trends compared with other boys' sports and girls' sports.
CONCLUSIONS
Observed trends of increased concussion rates are likely attributable to increased identification and reporting. Additional research is needed to evaluate intended long-term impact of traumatic brain injury laws.
目的
研究青少年运动创伤性脑损伤法律实施前后，高中运动员新发性和复发性运动相关脑震荡的趋势。
方法
我们采用中断时间序列设计，分析了高中在线报告伤害系统（High School Reporting Injury Online）中2005 - 2016年的脑震荡数据。我们使用一般线性模型，研究了美国具有代表性的高中运动员在9项运动中，在法律实施前、实施后即刻和实施后阶段新发性或复发性脑震荡发生率的趋势。我们将1次运动员暴露定义为参加1次比赛或训练。
结果
我们共纳入了8043例报告的脑震荡（88.7%为新发性，11.3%为复发性）。年平均脑震荡发生率为每100,000次运动员暴露39.8例。我们观察到，从法律实施前到实施后即刻，再到实施后阶段，报告的新发性和复发性脑震荡呈显著上升趋势。然而，复发性脑震荡发生率在法律生效2.6年后显著下降。与其他男子运动和女子运动相比，足球呈现出不同的趋势。
结论
观察到的脑震荡发生率上升趋势可能归因于识别和报告的增加。需要进一步研究来评估创伤性脑损伤法律的预期长期影响。
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