Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Jul;169(7):659-65. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0210.
A report by the Institute of Medicine called for comprehensive nationwide concussion incidence data across the spectrum of athletes aged 5 to 23 years.
To describe the incidence of concussion in athletes participating in youth, high school, and collegiate American football.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected by athletic trainers at youth, high school, and collegiate football practices and games to create multiple prospective observational cohorts during the 2012 and 2013 football seasons. Data were collected from July 1, 2012, through January 31, 2013, for the 2012 season and from July 1, 2013, through January 31, 2014, for the 2013 season. The Youth Football Surveillance System included 118 youth football teams, providing 4092 athlete-seasons. The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network program included 96 secondary school football programs, providing 11 957 athlete-seasons. The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program included 24 member institutions, providing 4305 athlete-seasons.
All injuries regardless of severity, including concussions, and athlete exposure information were documented by athletic trainers during practices and games.
Injury rates, injury rate ratios, risks, risk ratios, and 95% CIs were calculated.
Concussions comprised 9.6%, 4.0%, and 8.0% of all injuries reported in the Youth Football Surveillance System; National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network; and National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, respectively. The game concussion rate was higher than the practice concussion rate across all 3 competitive levels. The game concussion rate for college athletes (3.74 per 1000 athlete exposures) was higher than those for high school athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.50-2.31) and youth athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17-2.10). The practice concussion rate in college (0.53 per 1000 athlete exposures) was lower than that in high school (injury rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96). Youth football had the lowest 1-season concussion risks in 2012 (3.53%) and 2013 (3.13%). The 1-season concussion risk was highest in high school (9.98%) and college (5.54%) in 2012.
Football practices were a major source of concussion at all 3 levels of competition. Concussions during practice might be mitigated and should prompt an evaluation of technique and head impact exposure. Although it is more difficult to change the intensity or conditions of a game, many strategies can be used during practice to limit player-to-player contact and other potentially injurious behaviors.
医学研究所的一份报告呼吁在全国范围内收集 5 至 23 岁年龄段运动员的全面脑震荡发生率数据。
描述参加青年、高中和大学美式足球的运动员脑震荡的发生率。
设计、设置和参与者：数据由运动训练员在青年、高中和大学足球训练和比赛中收集，以在 2012 年和 2013 年足球赛季创建多个前瞻性观察队列。数据收集时间为 2012 年 7 月 1 日至 2013 年 1 月 31 日，用于 2012 赛季，2013 年 7 月 1 日至 2014 年 1 月 31 日，用于 2013 赛季。青年足球监测系统包括 118 个青年足球队，提供 4092 名运动员/赛季。国家运动治疗、伤害和结果网络计划包括 96 个中学足球项目，提供 11957 名运动员/赛季。全国大学体育协会伤害监测计划包括 24 个成员机构，提供 4305 名运动员/赛季。
运动训练员在训练和比赛期间记录所有受伤情况，无论严重程度如何，包括脑震荡和运动员接触信息。
计算了受伤率、受伤率比、风险、风险比和 95%CI。
在青年足球监测系统、国家运动治疗、伤害和结果网络以及全国大学体育协会伤害监测计划中，报告的所有伤害中脑震荡分别占 9.6%、4.0%和 8.0%。在所有 3 个竞技水平中，比赛中的脑震荡发生率均高于练习中的脑震荡发生率。大学运动员的比赛脑震荡发生率（每 1000 名运动员接触 3.74 次）高于高中运动员（受伤率比，1.86；95%CI，1.50-2.31）和青年运动员（受伤率比，1.57；95%CI，1.17-2.10）。大学练习中的脑震荡发生率（每 1000 名运动员接触 0.53 次）低于高中（受伤率比，0.80；95%CI，0.67-0.96）。在 2012 年（3.53%）和 2013 年（3.13%），青年足球的单赛季脑震荡风险最低。在 2012 年，高中（9.98%）和大学（5.54%）的单赛季脑震荡风险最高。
足球练习是所有 3 个比赛级别脑震荡的主要来源。练习中的脑震荡可能会减轻，并应促使对技术和头部撞击暴露进行评估。尽管改变比赛的强度或条件更为困难，但在练习中可以使用许多策略来限制球员之间的接触和其他潜在的伤害行为。
