Qian Zeng-Hui, Feng Xu, Li Yang, Tang Ke
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing.
Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen.
J Craniofac Surg. 2018 Jan;29(1):163-166. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004046.
Studying the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the cavernous sinus is essential for treating lesions in this region with skull base surgeries. Cadaver dissection is a conventional method that has insurmountable flaws with regard to understanding spatial anatomy. The authors' research aimed to build an image model of the cavernous sinus region in a virtual reality system to precisely, individually and objectively elucidate the complete and local stereo-anatomy.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 5 adult cadaver heads. Latex mixed with contrast agent was injected into the arterial system and then into the venous system. Computed tomography scans were performed again following the 2 injections. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed again after the cranial nerves were exposed. Image data were input into a virtual reality system to establish a model of the cavernous sinus. Observation results of the image models were compared with those of the cadaver heads.
Visualization of the cavernous sinus region models built using the virtual reality system was good for all the cadavers. High resolutions were achieved for the images of different tissues. The observed results were consistent with those of the cadaver head. The spatial architecture and modality of the cavernous sinus were clearly displayed in the 3D model by rotating the model and conveniently changing its transparency.
A 3D virtual reality model of the cavernous sinus region is helpful for globally and objectively understanding anatomy. The observation procedure was accurate, convenient, noninvasive, and time and specimen saving.
研究海绵窦的三维（3D）解剖结构对于颅底手术治疗该区域病变至关重要。尸体解剖是一种传统方法，但在理解空间解剖结构方面存在无法克服的缺陷。作者的研究旨在构建虚拟现实系统中海绵窦区域的图像模型，以精确、个体化且客观地阐明完整和局部的立体解剖结构。
对5个成人尸体头部进行计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像扫描。将混合有造影剂的乳胶注入动脉系统，然后注入静脉系统。两次注射后再次进行计算机断层扫描。暴露颅神经后再次进行磁共振成像扫描。将图像数据输入虚拟现实系统以建立海绵窦模型。将图像模型的观察结果与尸体头部的观察结果进行比较。
使用虚拟现实系统构建的海绵窦区域模型对所有尸体的可视化效果良好。不同组织的图像实现了高分辨率。观察结果与尸体头部的结果一致。通过旋转模型并方便地改变其透明度，在3D模型中清晰显示了海绵窦的空间结构和形态。
海绵窦区域的3D虚拟现实模型有助于全面、客观地理解解剖结构。观察过程准确、方便、无创，且节省时间和标本。
